Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Aythya ferina. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE estimatePartial
BG estimatePartial
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK estimatePartial
EE estimateExpert
ES estimatePartial
FI estimatePartial
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR absentData
HU completeSurvey
IE
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU completeSurvey
LV estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL estimateExpert
PT estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG completeSurvey
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR absentData
HU completeSurvey
IE
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU completeSurvey
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG completeSurvey
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE completeSurvey
ES completeSurvey
FI
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR absentData
HU estimatePartial
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT
LU completeSurvey
LV
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT completeSurvey
RO estimatePartial
SE completeSurvey
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
40
90
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.2
2007-2018 - -70 | -30 | (N/A) 1981-2018 - -80 | -60 | (N/A) 2900 0.7 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-62) 1981-2018 - -50 | -30 | (N/A) 3600 13100 N/A i estimate noChange 2.0 2013-2018 = N/A | N/A | (3) 1981-2014 - N/A | N/A | (-75) keywintering 2800 0.7
BE
620
1200
910
p
estimate
noInfo
2.2
2008-2018 u -17 | 60 | (21) 1973-2018 + 276 | 627 | (452) 15188 # 3.8 2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (127.6) 1973-2018 + N/A | N/A | (178.53) 4000 8300 5800 i interval genuine 1.4 2007-2018 - -80 | -64 | (-73) 1992-2018 - -87 | -73 | (-81) keywintering 13700 3.3
BG
80
250
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.4
2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 + 5 | 20 | (N/A) 3085 0.8 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 17000 31000 N/A i estimate genuine 5.8 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A keywintering 3600 0.9
CY
60 490 N/A i estimate noChange # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 200 | 500 | (N/A) keywintering
CZ
7000
14000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
25.2
2001-2017 - -22 | -18 | (N/A) 1981-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-2) # 28600 7.1 2002-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-25.14) 1986-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-31.7) # 1310 2676 N/A i estimate N/A 0.5 2008-2019 + N/A | N/A | (12) 1980-2019 - N/A | N/A | (-4) # keywintering 28500 6.9
DE
2800
3900
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
8.0
2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-30) 1980-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-45) 68763 17.2 2004-2016 - -30 | -11 | (N/A) 1980-2016 - -65 | -26 | (N/A) N/A N/A 91000 i mean noChange # 22.0 2003-2016 = -9 | -2 | (-6) 1980-2016 = -10 | -3 | (-7) keywintering 73100 17.6
DK
N/A
N/A
339
p
estimate
genuine
#
0.8
2006-2017 = -16.28 | 91.86 | (27.64) 1989-2017 = -57.54 | 1.25 | (-34.22) # 11300 2.8 1996-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-26.62) 1974-2017 + N/A | N/A | (10.78) # N/A N/A 3659 i estimate noChange # 0.9 2006-2017 F N/A 1980-2017 F N/A # keywintering 11200 2.7
EE
300
600
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.1
2006-2017 - -50 | -20 | (N/A) 1980-2017 - -945 | 132 | (N/A) # 4500 1.1 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-24) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-63) 5 30 N/A i estimate noChange 2006-2017 = 0 | 20 | (N/A) 1980-2017 = 0 | 20 | (N/A) keywintering 4500 1.1
ES
4292
4546
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
10.6
2007-2018 - N/A 1980-2018 F N/A # 28890 7.2 2007-2018 + 0.26 | 57.1 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (266.7) # 18274 38050 N/A i estimate genuine 6.8 2007-2018 u -66 | 8.1 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-45.61) keywintering 29300 7.1
FI
600
750
675
p
estimate
genuine
#
1.6
2007-2018 - 73 | 93 | (86) 1986-2018 - 88 | 94 | (92) 40000 10.0 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 - 38 | 38 | (N/A) 40000 9.6
FR
2500
4000
N/A
p
estimate
method
7.8
2013-2018 x N/A 1985-2018 - -40 | -20 | (N/A) 63300 15.8 2006-2018 = 0 | 0 | (0) 1985-2018 + 30 | 40 | (N/A) 52500 81000 75000 i estimate genuine 18.2 2007-2017 - -40 | -40 | (-40) 1980-2017 - -15 | -15 | (-15) keywintering 62900 15.2
GR
30
80
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.1
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 3700 0.9 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 40000 55000 N/A i estimate knowledge 11.5 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering 5900 1.4
HR
N/A
N/A
0
i
minimum
N/A
#
N/A
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 1743 # 0.4 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A 0 i minimum N/A # 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering 9500 2.3
HU
500
1000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
1.8
2007-2018 - -75 | -67 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -87 | -80 | (N/A) # 4336 1.1 2007-2018 - -30 | -20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -40 | -20 | (N/A) 2000 2500 N/A i estimate genuine # 0.5 2007-2018 F N/A 1996-2018 - -81 | -66 | (N/A) # keywintering 4400 1.1
IE
N/A N/A 4729 i mean genuine # 1.1 2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-90.6) 1987-2016 x N/A keywintering
IT
280
380
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.8
2012-2016 + 85 | 90 | (N/A) 1993-2018 - -10 | -5 | (N/A) 11900 3.0 2007-2018 + 25 | 30 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 290 | 295 | (N/A) 17509 29212 N/A i estimate genuine 5.7 2009-2015 - -35 | -20 | (N/A) 1991-2015 - -60 | -25 | (N/A) keywintering 11900 2.9
LT
400
500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.1
2013-2018 - -84 | -83 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-80) 5700 1.4 2006-2018 - -60 | -50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -80 | -70 | (N/A) 6700 1.6
LU
0
1
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) # 8 # 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) # 80 200 N/A i estimate noChange # 2007-2018 = 0 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 0 | 50 | (N/A) # keywintering 200
LV
500
600
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.3
2004-2018 - -68.49 | -68.15 | (-68.38) 1991-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-71) 3600 0.9 2000-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-43) 1980-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-74) 3600 0.9
NL
1800
2200
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
4.8
2006-2017 + 9 | 58 | (32) 1984-2017 = -34 | 14 | (-13) 22200 5.5 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (10.44) 1977-2015 + N/A | N/A | (12.69) 28522 42616 34457 i mean genuine 8.3 2006-2017 - -36 | -23 | (-30) 1981-2017 - -76 | -58 | (-68) keywintering 21900 5.3
PL
2000
6000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
9.6
2007-2018 = -46 | 10 | (-22) 1980-2018 - -90 | -80 | (N/A) # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 1400 4000 2500 i minimum genuine 0.6 2011-2018 + 111 | 347 | (210) 1980-2018 x N/A # keywintering N/A N/A
PT
30
100
N/A
p
estimate
method
0.2
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 2600 # 0.7 2005-2018 + N/A | N/A | (63) 1980-2018 + N/A # 438 2092 1086 i mean N/A 0.3 2007-2018 u -31 | 31 | (N/A) 1988-2018 = N/A # keywintering 2600 0.6
RO
3050
12315
N/A
p
interval
method
18.4
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 17600 4.4 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 14549 35738 N/A i mean genuine 6.1 2013-2018 - -7.82 | -0.89 | (N/A) 2000-2018 - -7.42 | -3.72 | (N/A) keywintering 17600 4.2
SE
300
700
500
p
estimate
genuine
1.2
2007-2018 - -70 | -30 | (-50) 1980-2018 - -95 | -75 | (-85) 19000 4.7 2007-2018 - -20 | -5 | (-10) 1980-2018 - -25 | -10 | (-15) 800 2000 1400 i mean genuine 0.3 2007-2018 u -43 | 13 | (-19) 1980-2018 + 243 | 452 | (328) keywintering 19000 4.6
SI
60
150
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.2
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (117) 1980-2018 + 300 | 700 | (N/A) 600 # 0.1 2007-2018 + 30 | 50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-10) # 400 1600 N/A i estimate genuine 0.2 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (8) 1980-2018 - -80 | -60 | (N/A) keywintering 600 0.1
SK
300
500
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.0
2007-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -70 | -50 | (N/A) 8342 2.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 700 3000 N/A i estimate knowledge 0.5 2007-2018 - -90 | -30 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 300 | (N/A) keywintering 9100 2.2
UK
N/A
N/A
701
p
mean
genuine
#
1.7
2001-2016 + N/A | N/A | (45) 1978-2016 + N/A | N/A | (250) 32900 8.2 1989-2009 - -37.57 | -37.57 | (N/A) 1970-2009 - -36.49 | -36.49 | (N/A) N/A N/A 29191 i mean genuine 7.1 2005-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-46.8) 1980-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-54.1) keywintering 32400 7.8
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 46100 71400 p - - 383000 NE NE 347000 526000 i - - Threatened Threatened C B Threatened Aythya ferina