Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Map is only available at subspecific level.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Columba palumbus. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimateExpert
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimateExpert
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR estimateExpert
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU estimateExpert
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT estimatePartial
PTAC estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
PTAC estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
FR
GR estimatePartial
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
NL
PL
PT
PTAC
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
70000
110000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (20) 1981-2018 + 50 | 200 | (N/A) 88100 2.3 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (13) 1981-2018 x N/A 80600 2.1 Columba palumbus palumbus
BE
238000
526100
382100
p
estimate
genuine
1.8
2008-2018 + 5 | 17 | (10) 1973-2018 + 119 | 385 | (252) # 30655 # 0.8 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A 31600 0.8 Columba palumbus palumbus
BG
30000
89000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
0.3
2000-2018 + 100 | 350 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 80 | 300 | (N/A) 91619 2.4 2000-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 95100 2.5 Columba palumbus palumbus
CY
42000
120000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2007-2018 + 40 | 71 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 8100 0.2 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (12) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 8100 0.2 Columba palumbus palumbus
CZ
200000
400000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
1.4
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (3) 1982-2018 + N/A | N/A | (3) # 85100 2.3 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1986-2016 = N/A | N/A | (1) # 79900 2.1 Columba palumbus palumbus
DE
2900000
3500000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
15.1
2004-2016 + 10 | 24 | (17) 1980-2016 + 41 | 180 | (N/A) 356768 9.5 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (0) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) 372300 9.9 Columba palumbus palumbus
DK
N/A
N/A
319307
p
estimate
genuine
#
1.5
2006-2017 - -11.99 | -0.12 | (-6.23) 1980-2017 + 63.71 | 100.47 | (81.18) # 58600 1.6 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (0.51) 1974-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-1.73) # 58300 1.6 Columba palumbus palumbus
EE
50000
70000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.3
2007-2018 + 50 | 61 | (N/A) 1980-2017 + 198 | 713 | (N/A) 54500 1.4 2007-2018 = 1 | 3 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 3 | 4 | (N/A) 33100 0.9 Columba palumbus palumbus
ES
3801263
4936745
4369004
p
interval
knowledge
#
20.7
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (7.1) 1980-2018 + N/A 300631 8.0 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (1.1) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (30) 313400 8.3 Columba palumbus palumbus
FI
308548
363167
337290
p
estimate
genuine
1.6
2007-2018 + 29 | 50 | (39) 1980-2018 + 69 | 144 | (103) 243100 6.5 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2010 + 12 | 12 | (N/A) 242800 6.5 Columba palumbus palumbus
FR
2500000
3500000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
14.2
2007-2017 + 24 | 36 | (24) 1996-2017 + 78 | 125 | (101) 543600 # 14.4 2012-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (20) 538800 14.3 Columba palumbus palumbus
GR
10000
20000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (130) 1980-2018 x N/A 106600 2.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 6200000 9400000 N/A i estimate noChange # N/A 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A other 100200 2.7 Columba palumbus palumbus
HR
N/A
N/A
17800
i
minimum
N/A
#
N/A
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 44553 # 1.2 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 74900 2.0 Columba palumbus palumbus
HU
152000
165000
N/A
p
interval
genuine
#
0.8
2007-2018 + 152 | 282 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 270 | 480 | (N/A) 93011 2.5 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 94500 2.5 Columba palumbus palumbus
IE
2064510
3123195
2573909
i
interval
genuine
#
N/A
2006-2016 + 15 | 23.7 | (19.3) 1980-2016 x N/A 82100 2.2 2006-2016 = N/A | N/A | (1) 1972-2016 = N/A | N/A | (1.6) # 81100 2.2 Columba palumbus palumbus
IT
40000
80000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.3
2000-2014 + 90 | 100 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + N/A | N/A | (300) 289900 7.7 2007-2018 = N/A 1993-2018 + 100 | 105 | (N/A) 289200 7.7 Columba palumbus palumbus
LT
70000
110000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.4
2013-2018 + 20 | 30 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 25 | 40 | (N/A) 73500 1.9 2006-2018 + 10 | 20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 30 | 50 | (N/A) 71000 1.9 Columba palumbus palumbus
LU
10000
14000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
2009-2018 = 0 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 1615 # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 2400 Columba palumbus palumbus
LV
93491
128219
109486
p
interval
method
0.5
2005-2018 = -0.4 | 46.7 | (21) 1995-2018 = -1.74 | 107.12 | (N/A) 69100 1.8 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-1) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (18) 66800 1.8 Columba palumbus palumbus
NL
250000
500000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.8
2006-2017 - -10 | -1 | (-5) 1984-2017 - -24 | -7 | (-16) 45200 1.2 2000-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-1.31) 1977-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-1.09000) 40900 1.1 Columba palumbus palumbus
PL
1013000
1315000
N/A
p
interval
genuine
5.5
2007-2018 + 52 | 80 | (66) 1980-2018 x N/A # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A Columba palumbus palumbus
PT
100000
500000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
1.4
2004-2018 + N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 76000 # 2.0 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-7) 1980-2018 = N/A # 74700 2.0 Columba palumbus palumbus
PTAC
42168
136149
93241
p
mean
method
#
100.0
2007-2017 + N/A | N/A | (50) 1980-2018 x N/A # 7300 # 100.0 2008-2018 = N/A | N/A | (3.6) 1980-2018 x N/A # 7300 100.0 Columba palumbus azorica
RO
288121
390190
N/A
p
interval
method
1.6
2008-2018 + 4 | 16 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 237700 6.3 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 233400 6.2 Columba palumbus palumbus
SE
705000
1254000
980000
p
estimate
noChange
4.6
2007-2018 = -4 | 6 | (1) 1980-2018 + 10 | 40 | (25) 447900 11.9 2007-2018 + 5 | 15 | (10) 1980-2018 = N/A 446900 11.9 Columba palumbus palumbus
SI
28500
34200
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (24.3) 1980-2018 x N/A 12400 # 0.3 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (68) # 11100 0.3 Columba palumbus palumbus
SK
100000
200000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.7
2007-2018 + 50 | 80 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 80 | 200 | (N/A) 48842 1.3 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 51100 1.4 Columba palumbus palumbus
UK
4853031
5457091
5155060
p
interval
genuine
24.4
2004-2016 = N/A | N/A | (8.64) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (94.39) # 272300 7.2 1989-2009 = 2.68 | 2.68 | (N/A) 1970-2009 = 0.26 | 0.26 | (N/A) 271000 7.2 Columba palumbus palumbus
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 42100 137000 p x x 7300 NE NE Unknown E B Threatened Columba palumbus azorica
EU28 18900000 26000000 p + + 3530000 NE NE Secure A B Secure Columba palumbus
EU28 18900000 25900000 p + + 3520000 NE NE Secure A B Not Evaluated Columba palumbus palumbus