Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Columba livia, Columba livia (feral populations). Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimateExpert
BG estimatePartial
CY estimateExpert
CZ completeSurvey
DK estimateExpert
EE estimateExpert
ES estimateExpert
ESIC estimateExpert
FI completeSurvey
FR estimateExpert
GIB estimateExpert
GR N/A
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU estimateExpert
LV completeSurvey
MT completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL estimateExpert
PT estimatePartial
PTAC estimatePartial
PTMA estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimateExpert
CZ completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
ESIC absentData
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GIB estimatePartial
GR N/A
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
MT completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
PTAC estimatePartial
PTMA completeSurvey
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DK
EE
ES
ESIC
FI
FR
GIB
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
MT
NL
PL
PT
PTAC
PTMA
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
20000
35000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.2
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-15) 1981-2018 x N/A 49600 2.3 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (10) 1981-2018 x N/A 47400 2.2 Columba livia (feral populations)
BE
100000
200000
150000
p
estimate
method
0.9
2008-2018 x N/A 1973-2018 x N/A # 20471 # 0.9 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A N/A N/A Columba livia (feral populations)
BG
100000
300000
N/A
p
estimate
method
1.2
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 90625 4.2 2007-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 93300 4.4 Columba livia (feral populations)
CY
94000
390000
N/A
p
estimate
method
1.5
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 13700 0.6 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 13700 0.7 Columba livia (feral populations)
CZ
1000000
2000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
9.3
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 53100 2.5 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-5) 1986-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-4) # 52200 2.5 Columba livia (feral populations)
DK
N/A
N/A
40000
p
estimate
knowledge
#
0.2
2006-2017 = N/A 1985-2017 = N/A 19200 0.9 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-2.53) 1974-2017 + N/A | N/A | (77.77) # N/A N/A Columba livia (feral populations)
EE
30000
60000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
#
0.3
2007-2018 + 14 | 16 | (N/A) 1983-2018 = 21 | 35 | (N/A) 40100 1.9 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-3) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-21) # 9900 0.5 Columba livia (feral populations)
ES
N/A
N/A
1
p
minimum
noChange
#
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 276523 12.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 291100 13.8 Columba livia (feral populations)
ESIC
20000
100000
N/A
p
minimum
noInfo
#
0.4
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 1000 # 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 1200 Columba livia (feral populations)
FI
20636
30696
25478
p
estimate
noChange
0.2
2007-2018 - 13 | 74 | (52) N/A = -3 | 17 | (6) 57100 2.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2010 + 16 | 16 | (N/A) 57100 2.7 Columba livia (feral populations)
FR
N/A
N/A
1000000
p
minimum
noChange
6.2
2007-2017 x N/A 2001-2018 + N/A | N/A | (78) 288600 13.4 2009-2017 = N/A 1980-2017 = N/A 288400 13.6 Columba livia (feral populations)
GIB
100
200
200
p
estimate
noChange
2001-2012 + 50 | 100 | (100) 1980-2018 + 10 | 200 | (200) 4 2007-2018 + 50 | 200 | (200) 1980-2018 + 10 | 200 | (200) 200 Columba livia (feral populations)
GR
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Columba livia (feral populations)
HR
700000
1000000
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
5.3
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 56000 2.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 68500 3.2 Columba livia (feral populations)
HU
318000
426000
N/A
p
interval
genuine
#
2.3
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 93011 4.3 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 96800 4.6 Columba livia (feral populations)
IE
1126
5628
N/A
i
interval
genuine
#
N/A
2006-2016 + 1.1 | 46.2 | (21.8) 1980-2016 x N/A 45700 2.1 2006-2016 + N/A | N/A | (23) 1972-2016 + N/A | N/A | (84.9) # 45300 2.1 Columba livia (feral populations)
IT
1000000
3000000
N/A
p
estimate
method
#
12.5
2007-2018 x N/A 1993-2018 x N/A 234700 10.9 2007-2018 + 10 | 15 | (N/A) 1993-2018 x N/A # 234700 11.1 Columba livia (feral populations)
LT
74000
104000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.6
2013-2018 - -100 | -50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-100) 32300 1.5 2006-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 31900 1.5 Columba livia (feral populations)
LU
1000
2000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -70 | -40 | (N/A) 435 # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 3100 0.1 Columba livia (feral populations)
LV
8585
48616
20430
p
interval
genuine
0.1
2005-2018 u -52.7 | 764.6 | (119.4) 1991-2016 - -96 | -95 | (N/A) 48500 2.2 2000-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-19) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-5) 48300 2.3 Columba livia (feral populations)
MT
183
590
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (55) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (32) # 27 2008-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-230) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-20) 700 Columba livia (feral populations)
NL
10000
20000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2007-2017 - -30 | -15 | (-22) 1980-2017 x N/A 29400 1.4 2000-2015 - N/A | N/A | (-11.7) 1980-2017 x N/A 29400 1.4 Columba livia (feral populations)
PL
100000
250000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.1
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A Columba livia (feral populations)
PT
5000000
8000000
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
#
40.5
2007-2018 + N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 64300 # 3.0 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-20) 1980-2018 x N/A # 63500 3.0 Columba livia (feral populations)
PTAC
155407
559937
345866
p
mean
method
#
2.1
2007-2017 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 7400 # 0.3 2008-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A # 7400 0.3 Columba livia (feral populations)
PTMA
10000
50000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.2
2008-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 1980-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 1900 2001-2018 + N/A | 600 | (1) 1980-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 2100 0.1 Columba livia (feral populations)
RO
1145419
1851573
N/A
p
interval
method
9.3
2008-2018 u -3 | 59 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 202600 9.4 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 199700 9.4 Columba livia (feral populations)
SE
25000
125000
80000
p
estimate
noChange
0.5
2007-2018 u -20 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 28 | 110 | (64) 179600 8.3 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 179400 8.5 Columba livia (feral populations)
SI
18000
30000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.1
2008-2018 u N/A | N/A | (-19.1) 1980-2018 x N/A 7600 # 0.3 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 7000 0.3 Columba livia (feral populations)
SK
100000
500000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
1.9
2007-2018 - -40 | -20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -50 | -20 | (N/A) 12177 0.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 12700 0.6 Columba livia (feral populations)
UK
372785
548145
460465
p
interval
genuine
2.9
1998-2010 + N/A 1970-2008 + N/A # 233600 10.8 1989-2009 + 8.4 | 8.4 | (N/A) 1970-2009 + 46.73 | 46.73 | (N/A) 231700 10.9 Columba livia (feral populations)
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 10300000 18900000 p NE NE 1950000 NE NE Not evaluated N/A B Secure Columba livia (feral populations)