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Article 12 > Species summary

Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Corvus corone, Corvus corone ([including cornix]). Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)		 Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimateExpert
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK estimatePartial
EE estimateExpert
ES estimatePartial
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Area
ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
FR
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
NL
PL
PT
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ Status Distrib. % MS
AT
90000
130000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.7
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-12) 1981-2018 x N/A 90500 2.3 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (9) 1981-2018 x N/A 83400 2.2 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
BE
71000
195000
133000
p
estimate
method
2.0
2008-2018 + 1 | 15 | (8) 1973-2018 + 446 | 1400 | (923) # 30648 # 0.8 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A 31800 0.8 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
BG
20000
70000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.7
2000-2018 - -40 | -20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 107267 2.7 2000-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 110900 2.9 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
CY
25000
50000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.6
2007-2018 + 11 | 25 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 7600 0.2 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 7600 0.2 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
CZ
10500
21000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
 #
0.2
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (2) 1982-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-1) # 65300 1.7 2002-2016 x N/A 1986-2016 x N/A # 62200 1.6 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
DE
726000
988000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
13.1
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (21) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) 355663 9.1 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (0) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) 371500 9.8 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
DK
N/A
N/A
137497
p
estimate
genuine
 #
2.1
2006-2017 + 7.61 | 48.96 | (26.74) 1980-2017 = -19.89 | 7.51 | (-7.17) # 57700 1.5 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (0.17) 1974-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-4.34) # N/A N/A Corvus corone ([including cornix])
EE
40000
70000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.8
2007-2018 = 5 | 6 | (N/A) 1983-2018 - -37 | 9 | (N/A) 54500 1.4 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-2) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-2) 24900 0.7 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
ES
310000
530000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
6.4
2007-2018 - N/A 1980-2018 - N/A 245805 6.3 2007-2018 - N/A 1980-2018 - N/A 255300 6.7 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
FI
150939
196511
181058
p
estimate
genuine
2.8
2007-2018 - 9 | 24 | (17) 1980-2018 - 18 | 42 | (31) 304600 7.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2010 + 5 | 5 | (N/A) 304000 8.0 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
FR
900000
1500000
N/A
p
estimate
method
18.3
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-5.83) 2001-2018 = N/A | N/A | (4) 543800 13.8 2009-2017 = N/A 1985-2017 = N/A 538700 14.2 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
GR
150000
250000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
3.0
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (166) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (207) 194800 5.0 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 191300 5.0 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
HR
N/A
N/A
15925
i
mean
N/A
 #
N/A
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 45503 # 1.2 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 74800 2.0 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
HU
57000
58000
N/A
p
interval
genuine
 #
0.9
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 93011 2.4 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 94800 2.5 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
IE
398476
659352
523293
i
interval
genuine
 #
N/A
2006-2016 + 14.9 | 28.5 | (21.5) 1980-2016 x N/A 85300 2.2 2006-2016 = N/A | N/A | (8) 1972-2016 = N/A | N/A | (9.5) # 84100 2.2 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
IT
410000
830000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
9.4
2012-2017 = N/A 1993-2018 + 65 | 310 | (N/A) 297600 7.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1993-2018 + 15 | 20 | (N/A) 296900 7.8 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
LT
50000
70000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.9
2013-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 73500 1.9 2013-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 71100 1.9 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
LU
4000
6000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2009-2018 = 0 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 10 | (N/A) 1671 # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 2400 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
LV
142767
223576
178660
p
interval
method
2.7
2005-2018 + 40.7 | 125.7 | (78.5) 1995-2018 + 144.06000 | 421.47 | (N/A) 67500 1.7 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-4) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (5) 66000 1.7 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
NL
60000
100000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.2
2006-2017 - -20 | -8 | (-14) 1984-2017 + 7 | 59 | (30) 45300 1.1 2000-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-0.43) 1977-2015 = N/A | N/A | (4.86) 41200 1.1 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
PL
72000
94000
N/A
p
interval
method
1.3
2007-2018 = -17 | 11 | (-4) 1980-2018 x N/A # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A Corvus corone ([including cornix])
PT
100000
500000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
 #
4.6
2004-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 76300 # 1.9 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-4) 1980-2018 = N/A # 74900 2.0 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
RO
208334
331974
N/A
p
interval
method
4.1
2008-2018 u -3 | 11 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 220300 5.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 215300 5.7 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
SE
136000
154000
145000
p
estimate
genuine
2.2
2007-2018 - -23 | -13 | (-18) 1980-2018 - -53 | -43 | (-49) 485900 12.4 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 482900 12.7 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
SI
36300
74500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.8
2008-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-17) 1980-2018 x N/A 11200 # 0.3 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (11) # 9800 0.3 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
SK
8000
15000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.2
2007-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -30 | -20 | (N/A) # 42595 1.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 43800 1.1 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
UK
N/A
N/A
1311459
p
estimate
genuine
 #
20.0
2004-2016 = N/A | N/A | (4.1) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (53) 324900 8.3 1989-2009 = 0.3 | 0.3 | (N/A) 1970-2009 = -0.1 | -0.1 | (N/A) 264500 7.0 Corvus corone ([including cornix])
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status		 Contribution
to Target 1		 Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 5220000 8030000 p = + 3700000 NE NE Secure A B Secure Corvus corone ([including cornix])