Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Cuculus canorus. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimatePartial
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimatePartial
ES estimatePartial
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT estimatePartial
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimateExpert
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
FR
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
NL
PL
PT
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
45000
70000
N/A
cmales
estimate
method
2.0
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (2) 1981-2018 x N/A 89000 2.5 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (6) 1981-2018 x N/A 81900 2.3
BE
3300
7000
5100
cmales
estimate
genuine
0.2
2008-2018 - -58 | -28 | (-45) 1973-2018 - -57 | -8 | (-33) 30658 # 0.8 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A 31500 0.9
BG
60000
120000
N/A
cmales
estimate
knowledge
3.1
2001-2018 - -15 | -5 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 0 | 5 | (N/A) 109369 3.0 2001-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 5 | (N/A) 113500 3.2
CZ
30000
60000
N/A
cmales
estimate
noChange
#
1.5
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-3) 1982-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-2) # 79200 2.2 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-1.44) 1986-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-0.64) # 75700 2.1
DE
38000
62000
N/A
cmales
estimate
genuine
1.7
2004-2016 - -20 | -5 | (-13) 1980-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-26) # 317579 8.9 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (0) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (0) 331400 9.3
DK
N/A
N/A
13236
cmales
estimate
genuine
#
0.5
2006-2017 - -40.7 | -11.54 | (-27.45) 1980-2017 - -36.7 | -17.38 | (-27.67) # 56800 1.6 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (0.17) 1974-2017 = N/A | N/A | (0) # 56700 1.6
EE
30000
40000
N/A
cmales
estimate
knowledge
1.2
2007-2018 = -14 | -13 | (N/A) 1982-2018 = -1 | 16 | (N/A) # 54100 1.5 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-1) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 30900 0.9
ES
850000
1260000
N/A
cmales
interval
noChange
36.0
2007-2018 - N/A | -22.1 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = N/A 189841 5.3 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 200600 5.6
FI
97772
131837
115227
cmales
mean
genuine
3.9
2007-2018 + 2 | 19 | (10) 1980-2018 + 66 | 133 | (97) 261700 7.3 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 + 9 | 9 | (N/A) 261700 7.3
FR
150000
300000
N/A
cmales
estimate
method
7.7
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-25.46) 2001-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-20) 448100 12.5 2013-2018 = -10 | 8 | (N/A) 1989-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 443400 12.4
GR
50000
60000
N/A
cmales
estimate
knowledge
1.9
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A 132500 3.7 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 125200 3.5
HR
100000
200000
N/A
cmales
estimate
N/A
5.1
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 56548 1.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 77800 2.2
HU
66000
70000
N/A
cmales
interval
method
#
2.3
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 93030 2.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 94400 2.6
IE
7148
17823
11808
i
interval
genuine
#
N/A
2006-2016 + 0.2 | 20.7 | (10) 1980-2016 x N/A 60300 1.7 2006-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-2) 1972-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-27.1) # 59500 1.7
IT
50000
100000
N/A
cmales
estimate
noChange
2.6
2000-2014 - -15 | -5 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 100 | 150 | (N/A) 309500 8.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1993-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 307900 8.6
LT
15000
20000
N/A
cmales
estimate
knowledge
0.6
2013-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 73500 2.0 2001-2012 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2012 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 71200 2.0
LU
60
90
N/A
cmales
estimate
genuine
#
2007-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -50 | -30 | (N/A) 154 # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 2400
LV
60964
79359
69556
cmales
interval
method
2.4
2005-2018 = -23.5 | 12.9 | (-6.9) 1995-2018 + 39.45 | 148.86 | (N/A) 67200 1.9 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-5) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (13) 65400 1.8
NL
5700
7000
N/A
cmales
estimate
noChange
0.2
2006-2017 + 5 | 19 | (11) 1984-2017 - -38 | -21 | (-30) 42200 1.2 2000-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-4.52) 1977-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-7.45) 39300 1.1
PL
134000
177000
N/A
cmales
interval
genuine
5.3
2007-2018 = -8 | 6 | (-1) 1980-2018 x N/A # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PT
50000
100000
N/A
cmales
estimate
noChange
#
2.6
2004-2018 - N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 62100 # 1.7 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-30) 1980-2018 = N/A # 60800 1.7
RO
300000
600000
N/A
cmales
estimate
noChange
15.3
2008-2018 u -6 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 251900 7.0 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 246400 6.9
SE
64000
71000
67000
cmales
estimate
genuine
2.3
2007-2018 - -18 | -9 | (-14) 1980-2018 - -46 | -32 | (-39) 490100 13.7 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 488200 13.7
SI
14500
34300
N/A
cmales
estimate
genuine
0.8
2008-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-18) 1980-2018 x N/A 15100 # 0.4 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (25) # 12800 0.4
SK
5000
15000
N/A
cmales
estimate
knowledge
0.3
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 49020 1.4 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 52200 1.5
UK
9798
25772
17785
cmales
estimate
genuine
#
0.6
2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-16.82) 1980-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-57.81) # 246700 6.9 1989-2009 = N/A 1970-2009 - -7.84 | -7.84 | (N/A) # 245300 6.9
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 2240000 3650000 cmales - = 3580000 NE NE Secure A B Secure Cuculus canorus