Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Erithacus rubecula. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimateExpert
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimateExpert
ES completeSurvey
ESIC estimateExpert
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GIB estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT estimatePartial
PTAC estimatePartial
PTMA estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
ESIC absentData
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GIB estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
PTAC estimatePartial
PTMA completeSurvey
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
ESIC
FI
FR
GIB
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
NL
PL
PT
PTAC
PTMA
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
600000
900000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
1.7
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (9) 1981-2018 x N/A 91000 2.5 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (6) 1981-2018 x N/A 83700 2.3
BE
312600
587700
450100
p
estimate
genuine
1.0
2008-2018 + 8 | 36 | (21) 1973-2018 + 49 | 180 | (114) # 30650 # 0.8 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A 31600 0.8
BG
1000000
1500000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2.8
2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 = 5 | 10 | (N/A) 98390 2.6 2000-2018 = 0 | 5 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 5 | (N/A) 102400 2.8
CZ
550000
1100000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
1.9
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (1) 1982-2018 + N/A | N/A | (1) # 84400 2.3 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1986-2016 = N/A | N/A | (0.64) # 79600 2.1
DE
3400000
4350000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
8.7
2004-2016 + 2 | 15 | (8) 1980-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-13) # 356636 9.6 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) 371300 10.0
DK
N/A
N/A
279703
p
estimate
genuine
#
0.6
2006-2017 + 0.46 | 87.04000 | (37.63) 1980-2017 F -18.79 | 16.87 | (-2.54) # 57500 1.6 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (1.41) 1974-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-5.5) # 57200 1.6
EE
500000
800000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.5
2007-2018 - -40 | -35 | (N/A) 1983-2018 = N/A 54900 1.5 2007-2018 = -2 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 2 | 3 | (N/A) 30600 0.8
ES
4675012
5714791
N/A
p
interval
genuine
11.6
2007-2018 + N/A 1980-2018 + N/A 319358 8.6 2007-2018 + N/A | 9.8 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | 55.4 | (N/A) # 335300 9.1
ESIC
2500
10000
N/A
p
minimum
noInfo
#
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 4400 0.1 2017-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 5100 0.1
FI
1866457
2184697
2027654
p
mean
genuine
4.5
2007-2018 - 21 | 31 | (26) 1980-2018 + 25 | 64 | (43) 289700 7.8 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 + 26 | 26 | (N/A) 289500 7.8
FR
3000000
6000000
N/A
p
estimate
method
10.1
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-3) 2001-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-17) 521900 14.1 2009-2017 = N/A 1985-2017 = N/A 516300 13.9
GIB
1
5
5
p
estimate
genuine
2001-2018 + 1 | 5 | (5) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (0) 2 2007-2018 + 1 | 5 | (5) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (0) 200
GR
210000
360000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.6
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A 98500 2.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 92100 2.5
HR
1000000
2000000
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
3.4
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 55078 1.5 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 70500 1.9
HU
266000
284000
N/A
p
interval
knowledge
#
0.6
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 79010 # 2.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 80000 2.2
IE
3903840
5198776
4517711
i
interval
genuine
#
N/A
2006-2016 - -11.5 | -5.7 | (-8.6) 1980-2016 x N/A # 84100 2.3 2006-2016 = N/A | N/A | (1) 1972-2016 = N/A | N/A | (1.6) # 83100 2.2
IT
1000000
3000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
4.5
2000-2014 + 10 | 20 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 0 | 20 | (N/A) 269000 7.2 2007-2018 = N/A 1993-2018 + 15 | 20 | (N/A) 265500 7.2
LT
400000
800000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.3
2013-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 73500 2.0 2006-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2012 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 71000 1.9
LU
15000
20000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2007-2018 = 0 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 1398 # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 2400
LV
657430
900250
768178
p
interval
genuine
1.7
2005-2018 = -31.7 | 0.1 | (-17.2) 1991-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-8) 68800 1.9 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-4) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (10) 66700 1.8
NL
250000
350000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.7
2006-2017 = -3 | 8 | (2) 1984-2017 + 18 | 45 | (31) 43400 1.2 2000-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-1.13) 1977-2015 = N/A | N/A | (1.63) 39400 1.1
PL
2200000
2984000
N/A
p
interval
genuine
5.8
2007-2018 = -1 | 15 | (7) 1980-2018 x N/A # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PT
500000
1000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
1.7
2004-2018 + N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 53000 # 1.4 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-20) 1980-2018 = N/A # 51700 1.4
PTAC
119298
364713
288681
p
mean
method
#
0.7
2007-2017 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 6600 # 0.2 2008-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A # 6600 0.2
PTMA
10000
50000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2008-2018 + 28 | 78 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (1) 1800 2001-2018 = N/A | N/A | (1) 1980-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 1800
RO
2586175
3164225
N/A
p
interval
method
6.4
2008-2018 u -6 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 200600 5.4 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 198000 5.3
SE
2697000
4994000
3847000
p
estimate
noChange
8.6
2007-2018 = -1 | 8 | (3) 1980-2018 - -31 | -18 | (-25) 429400 11.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 428000 11.6
SI
520000
740000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.4
2008-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A 11800 # 0.3 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (10) # 10400 0.3
SK
500000
1000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.7
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 49020 1.3 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 52300 1.4
UK
N/A
N/A
7326416
p
estimate
genuine
#
16.4
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (12.24) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (63.25) # 280900 7.6 1989-2009 = 1.23 | 1.23 | (N/A) 1970-2009 = 2.07000 | 2.07000 | (N/A) 279400 7.5
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 36400000 54800000 p = = 3510000 NE NE Secure A B Secure Erithacus rubecula