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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Larus canus. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
FI estimateExpert
FR completeSurvey
GR
IE completeSurvey
LT estimatePartial
LU
LV estimatePartial
NL completeSurvey
PL estimateExpert
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR
IE completeSurvey
LT estimatePartial
LU
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI
SK estimateExpert
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE estimatePartial
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK
EE
FI
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
IE estimatePartial
LT
LU estimatePartial
LV
NL
PL completeSurvey
RO
SE
SI completeSurvey
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
1
5
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-40) 1981-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 300 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1981-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 200
BE
63
76
70
p
estimate
knowledge
2008-2018 x N/A 1973-2018 + 600 | 744 | (678) # 1305 # 0.1 2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (74.23) 1973-2018 + N/A | N/A | (225.44) 85000 105000 95000 i estimate knowledge N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1992-2018 x N/A other 8200 0.8
BG
70 1400 N/A i estimate knowledge N/A 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A other
CZ
2
4
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2001-2017 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1986-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-40) # 600 2002-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-66.66) 1986-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-40) # 3375 7691 N/A i estimate N/A N/A 2008-2019 + N/A | N/A | (2) 1980-2019 + N/A | N/A | (4) # other 600
DE
N/A
N/A
17000
p
mean
genuine
6.2
2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-22) 1985-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-3) 29424 3.0 2004-2016 + 11 | 40 | (N/A) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) N/A N/A 165000 i mean genuine N/A 2003-2016 - -20 | -7 | (-13) 1980-2016 - -65 | -30 | (N/A) # other 36200 3.7
DK
N/A
N/A
13938
p
estimate
genuine
#
5.1
2006-2017 - -44.93 | -36.44 | (-40.82) 1980-2017 - -68.54 | -54.28 | (-62.06000) # 24300 2.5 1996-2017 + N/A | N/A | (19.11) 1974-2017 + N/A | N/A | (13.02000) # 24200 2.5
EE
7000
10000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
3.1
2006-2017 = N/A | N/A | (23) 1980-2017 - -35 | -8 | (N/A) 39000 4.0 2007-2018 + 11 | 12 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 28 | 36 | (N/A) 23700 2.4
FI
56804
87117
77129
p
estimate
knowledge
#
28.3
2001-2012 = N/A 1980-2012 + 26 | 38 | (N/A) 288000 29.4 2001-2012 x N/A 1980-2010 + 31 | 31 | (N/A) 287800 29.5
FR
21
39
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2006-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 + 5 | 55 | (25) 1600 0.2 2006-2018 = N/A 1985-2018 - -40 | -35 | (N/A) N/A N/A 31014 i estimate genuine # N/A 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-45) 1996-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-56) other 1600 0.2
GR
83 277 N/A i estimate N/A # N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A other
IE
N/A
N/A
1948
p
estimate
knowledge
0.7
2002-2018 + N/A | N/A | (82) 1978-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-25) 9000 0.9 2002-2018 + N/A | 70 | (70) 1991-2018 + N/A | N/A | (23) N/A N/A 21438 i mean noInfo # N/A 2004-2016 x N/A 1987-2016 x N/A # other 9000 0.9
LT
150
200
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2013-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 690 | 900 | (N/A) 2800 0.3 2006-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (750) 2800 0.3
LU
1 5 N/A i estimate noChange # N/A 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # other
LV
550
1000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.3
2000-2018 - -13.93 | -10.39 | (-12.2) 1980-2017 + 47 | 50 | (N/A) 13300 1.4 2000-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-33) 1980-2017 + N/A | N/A | (55) 13200 1.4
NL
3300
4000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.3
2006-2017 - -52 | -30 | (-42) 1980-2017 - -68 | -67 | (-67) 9700 1.0 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (19.75) 1977-2015 + N/A | N/A | (102.08000) 9600 1.0
PL
600
1000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.3
2007-2018 - -88 | -67 | (-79) 1980-2018 - -80 | -70 | (N/A) # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 7000 12000 9700 i minimum method N/A 2011-2018 - -48 | -21 | (-36) 1980-2018 x N/A # other N/A N/A
RO
0
2
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2010-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 200 2007-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 200
SE
71000
132000
100000
p
estimate
noChange
36.7
2007-2018 = -15 | 5 | (-8) 1980-2018 - -50 | -35 | (-43) 480500 49.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 478800 49.1
SI
120 1400 N/A i estimate genuine N/A 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-42) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) other
SK
0
1
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 100 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 100
UK
N/A
N/A
48714
p
estimate
noChange
#
17.9
2004-2015 - -47 | -5 | (-20) 1986-2015 + -45 | 111 | (27) # 78800 8.1 1989-2009 - -39.57 | -39.57 | (N/A) 1970-2009 - -10.15 | -10.15 | (N/A) 78100 8.0
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 221000 318000 p - - 978000 NE NE Declining C B Secure Larus canus