Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Larus michahellis. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
ES estimatePartial
ESIC estimateExpert
FR completeSurvey
GIB estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LU
MT completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT estimatePartial
PTAC completeSurvey
PTMA completeSurvey
RO estimateExpert
SE
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
ES absentData
ESIC absentData
FR absentData
GIB completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimatePartial
HU completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LU
MT completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
PTAC completeSurvey
PTMA completeSurvey
RO estimatePartial
SE
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE estimatePartial
BG
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimatePartial
ES estimatePartial
ESIC
FR
GIB
GR
HR
HU
IT
LU estimatePartial
MT
NL
PL
PT
PTAC
PTMA
RO
SE estimatePartial
SI
SK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
20
30
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1981-2018 + 1000 | 1500 | (N/A) # 3600 1.5 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1981-2018 + N/A | N/A | (1300) 3400 1.4
BE
0
2
1
p
estimate
noChange
2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A # 27 # 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A # 80 120 100 i estimate knowledge N/A 2008-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A other 3100 1.3
BG
8000
20000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
3.1
2000-2018 + 40 | 150 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 500 | (N/A) # 11281 4.8 2000-2018 + 10 | 20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 20 | 30 | (N/A) 13200 5.4
CY
100
200
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 10 | 30 | (N/A) 800 0.3 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 800 0.3
CZ
1
8
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2001-2017 x N/A 1986-2016 + N/A | N/A | (800) # 900 0.4 2002-2016 + N/A | N/A | (900) 1986-2016 + N/A | N/A | (900) # 15 437 N/A i estimate N/A N/A 2008-2019 + N/A | N/A | (13) 1980-2019 + N/A | N/A | (15) # other 900 0.4
DE
220
280
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (39) 1985-2016 + N/A | N/A | (123) 16635 7.1 2004-2016 + 41 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2016 + 181 | 1000 | (N/A) 3001 8000 N/A i mean genuine N/A 2003-2016 + 40 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2016 + 181 | 1000 | (N/A) # other 17300 7.1
ES
116900
119449
N/A
p
estimate
noInfo
#
26.5
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 14000 # 6.0 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 228599 228599 N/A i estimate noInfo # N/A 2007-2019 x N/A 1984-2009 + N/A | N/A | (1.62) # other 14500 5.9
ESIC
N/A
N/A
7000
p
minimum
noInfo
#
1.6
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (161) # 11400 4.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2012 x N/A # 13500 5.5
FR
26000
27000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
6.0
2010-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-22) 1980-2018 F -34 | N/A | (N/A) 38200 16.2 2006-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 38200 15.6
GIB
2000
7000
7000
p
estimate
noChange
1.6
2000-2012 = 0 | 0 | (0) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (0) 6 2006-2018 = 0 | 0 | (0) 1980-2012 = 0 | 0 | (0) 400 0.2
GR
N/A
N/A
100000
p
estimate
knowledge
#
22.5
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (25) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (430) 32100 13.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 29900 12.2
HR
50000
100000
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
16.8
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 25200 10.7 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 25100 10.2
HU
0
8
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A 300 0.1 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A # 300 0.1
IT
50000
65000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
12.9
2007-2018 + 5 | 15 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 105 | 145 | (N/A) 66000 28.0 2007-2018 + 15 | 20 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 230 | 235 | (N/A) 66000 26.9
LU
5 10 N/A i estimate noChange # N/A 2007-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A # other
MT
258
404
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (65) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (21) # 15 2008-2018 = N/A | N/A | (7) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (20) 700 0.3
NL
10
20
N/A
p
estimate
noInfo
#
2006-2017 x N/A 1985-2017 + 400 | 900 | (N/A) # 800 0.3 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (60) 1985-2015 + N/A | N/A | (700) 800 0.3
PL
0
4
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PT
15000
40000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
6.2
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 7600 # 3.2 2005-2018 + N/A | N/A | (162) 1980-2018 + N/A # 7600 3.1
PTAC
2705
4249
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.8
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 29 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 2500 1.0
PTMA
3732
N/A
1
p
estimate
noChange
#
2008-2018 - 5 | N/A | (1) 1980-2018 F N/A | N/A | (1) 2100 0.9 2001-2018 = N/A | N/A | (1) 1980-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 2400 1.0
RO
1500
15000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.9
2007-2018 + 1 | 30 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 1 | 100 | (N/A) 3100 1.3 2007-2018 + 1 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 10 | 30 | (N/A) 3000 1.2
SE
0 2 1 i mean genuine # N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) other
SI
60
120
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (14) 1980-2018 + 200 | 500 | (N/A) # 900 0.4 2007-2018 + 50 | 70 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (400) # 900 0.4
SK
15
40
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 368 0.2 2007-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 500 0.2
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 382000 491000 p x x 232000 NE NE Unknown E B Secure Larus michahellis