Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Warning: The map does not show the distribution for sensitive species in GR

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Sensitive spatial information for this species is not shown in the map. Current selection: 2013-2018, Mareca strepera. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE estimatePartial
BG estimatePartial
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES estimatePartial
FI estimatePartial
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU estimateExpert
IE estimatePartial
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU
LV estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL estimateExpert
PT estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimatePartial
HU completeSurvey
IE estimatePartial
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK
EE
ES completeSurvey
FI
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT
LU completeSurvey
LV
NL completeSurvey
PL
PT completeSurvey
RO estimatePartial
SE
SI completeSurvey
SK
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
150
300
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.3
2007-2018 - -30 | -10 | (N/A) 1981-2018 + 150 | 200 | (N/A) 8900 1.6 2007-2018 + 60 | 90 | (N/A) 1981-2018 + 200 | 300 | (N/A) 1100 2200 N/A i estimate genuine 0.7 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (34) 1981-2014 + N/A | N/A | (253) keywintering 8300 1.4
BE
1100
1600
1300
p
estimate
genuine
2.0
2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (4) 1973-2018 + 12122 | 17678 | (14344) 15639 # 2.8 2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (53.25) 1973-2018 + N/A | N/A | (2159.97) 11000 17000 14000 i interval genuine 6.1 2007-2018 + 9 | 67 | (35) 1992-2018 + 423 | 699 | (546) keywintering 15000 2.6
BG
80
120
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.1
2001-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 3908 0.7 2000-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 20 | 30 | (N/A) 160 660 N/A i estimate noChange 0.2 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A keywintering 4500 0.8
CY
18 30 N/A i estimate genuine # 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 + 50 | 200 | (N/A) keywintering
CZ
2000
4000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
4.6
2001-2017 + 11 | 25 | (N/A) 1981-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-20) # 34600 6.2 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (8) 1986-2016 + N/A | N/A | (48) # 304 698 N/A i estimate N/A 0.2 2008-2019 + N/A | N/A | (20) 1980-2019 + N/A | N/A | (16) # keywintering 34300 6.0
DE
9500
12500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
16.8
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (49) 1985-2016 + N/A | N/A | (99) 96732 17.2 2004-2016 + 11 | 40 | (N/A) 1980-2016 + 41 | 180 | (N/A) N/A N/A 33000 i mean genuine 14.3 2003-2016 + 36 | 49 | (43) 1980-2016 + 367 | 399 | (383) keywintering 106100 18.5
DK
N/A
N/A
500
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.8
2011-2017 - 0 | 0 | (0) 1980-2017 + 386.41 | 1324.51 | (735.57) # 12400 2.2 1996-2017 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1974-2017 + N/A | N/A | (785.71) # 12300 2.1
EE
2000
3000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
3.8
2007-2018 + 105 | 109 | (N/A) 1980-2017 + 188 | 327 | (N/A) 14100 2.5 2007-2018 + 19 | 72 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 83 | 464 | (N/A) 14100 2.5
ES
2511
3872
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
4.9
2007-2018 + 0.39 | 255.4 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | 6767.4 | (N/A) 37371 6.6 2007-2018 + 2.19 | 23.1 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | 166.7 | (N/A) 17544 21841 19833 i estimate knowledge 8.6 2007-2018 + 1.44 | 94.9 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 1 | 430.68 | (N/A) keywintering 38700 6.8
FI
700
1500
1100
p
estimate
knowledge
1.7
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (107) 1980-2018 + N/A 20800 3.7 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 + 491 | 491 | (N/A) 20800 3.6
FR
1500
1800
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2.5
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 32700 5.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1985-2018 + 75 | 100 | (N/A) 25663 37919 33129 i estimate noChange 14.3 2006-2017 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2017 + 33 | 33 | (33) keywintering 32200 5.6
GR
10
45
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 x N/A 5100 0.9 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 3425 9427 N/A i estimate knowledge 2.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering 5000 0.9
HR
30
40
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
2007-2018 u N/A | N/A | (-10) 1980-2018 x N/A 82 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 50 300 N/A i estimate N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2013 x N/A keywintering 2700 0.5
HU
160
400
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.4
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 + 220 | 300 | (N/A) # 5965 1.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 + 20 | 40 | (N/A) 6000 1.1
IE
40
60
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2011-2018 + N/A | N/A | (168) 1991-2018 + N/A | N/A | (233) 2900 0.5 2011-2018 + N/A | N/A | (26) 1972-2018 + N/A | N/A | (314) # N/A N/A 515 i mean genuine # 0.2 2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-3.1) 1987-2016 + N/A | N/A | (55) keywintering 2900 0.5
IT
200
300
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2007-2018 + 200 | 300 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 500 | 900 | (N/A) 11200 2.0 2007-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + N/A | N/A | (1700) 10093 14711 N/A i estimate genuine 5.4 2009-2015 + 25 | 45 | (N/A) 1991-2015 + 75 | 160 | (N/A) keywintering 11200 2.0
LT
500
650
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.9
2013-2018 + 86 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 200 | 340 | (N/A) 6200 1.1 2006-2018 + N/A | N/A | (30) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (60) 6400 1.1
LU
20 100 N/A i estimate noChange # 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) keywintering
LV
150
350
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2000-2018 + 248.9 | 294.75 | (279.88) 1991-2017 + 26 | 39 | (N/A) 2900 0.5 2000-2017 + N/A | N/A | (21) 1980-2017 + N/A | N/A | (263) 2900 0.5
NL
21000
26000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
35.9
2006-2017 + 66 | 83 | (74) 1984-2017 + 905 | 1375 | (1118) 40400 7.2 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (41.75) 1977-2015 + N/A | N/A | (180.55) 60048 88634 72471 i mean genuine 31.4 2006-2017 + 62 | 173 | (111) 1981-2017 + 2339 | 3937 | (3037) keywintering 38900 6.8
PL
3000
4000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
5.3
2007-2018 + 6 | 194 | (79) 1980-2018 + 130 | 150 | (N/A) # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PT
500
4000
N/A
p
estimate
method
#
3.4
2007-2018 + N/A 1980-2018 + N/A # 10700 # 1.9 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (6) 1980-2018 + N/A # 876 3557 2334 i mean N/A 1.0 2007-2018 u -48 | -20 | (N/A) 1988-2018 u N/A # keywintering 10600 1.9
RO
505
8948
N/A
p
interval
method
7.2
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 15900 2.8 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 605 4796 N/A i mean knowledge # 1.2 2013-2018 + 6.05000 | 15.5 | (N/A) 2000-2018 u 0.02000 | 19.97 | (N/A) keywintering 15900 2.8
SE
2800
3100
3000
p
estimate
genuine
4.6
2007-2018 + 70 | 90 | (80) 1980-2018 + 400 | 600 | (800) 106600 18.9 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 106600 18.6
SI
7
15
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 u N/A | N/A | (143) 1980-2018 + 600 | 1400 | (N/A) # 500 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (150) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (400) # 40 180 N/A i estimate genuine 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (5) 1980-2018 + 350 | 700 | (N/A) keywintering 500
SK
100
200
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.2
2007-2018 + 1 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 3888 0.7 2007-2018 + 10 | 20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 4300 0.8
UK
1271
3186
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
3.4
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (163.29) 1973-2016 + N/A | N/A | (757) 73200 13.0 1989-2009 + 98.91 | 98.91 | (N/A) 1970-2009 + 343.64 | 343.64 | (N/A) N/A N/A 31217 i mean genuine 13.5 2005-2016 + N/A | N/A | (11.1) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (614.3) keywintering 72100 12.6
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 52400 77500 p + + 546000 NE NE 195000 262000 i + + Secure Secure A B Secure Mareca strepera