Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Mareca penelope. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE estimatePartial
BG
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE estimateExpert
ES
FI estimatePartial
FR
GR
HR
IE
IT
LV estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT
PTAC
RO
SE estimatePartial
SI
SK
UK estimateExpert
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE completeSurvey
BG
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES
FI completeSurvey
FR
GR
HR
IE
IT
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL estimatePartial
PT
PTAC
RO
SE estimatePartial
SI
SK
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE
ES estimatePartial
FI
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
IE estimatePartial
IT estimatePartial
LV
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT completeSurvey
PTAC absentData
RO estimatePartial
SE completeSurvey
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
1200 2700 N/A i estimate genuine 0.1 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (17) 1981-2018 + N/A | N/A | (5343) keywintering
BE
0
2
1
p
estimate
noChange
2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A # 655 # 0.1 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A # 38000 71000 52000 i interval genuine 2.7 2007-2018 - -50 | -2 | (-30) 1992-2018 u -33 | 18 | (-11) keywintering 4400 0.9
BG
1000 7500 N/A i estimate knowledge 0.2 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A keywintering
CY
60 100 N/A i estimate genuine # 2007-2018 - -89 | -60 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 200 | 400 | (N/A) keywintering
CZ
0
0
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2002-2016 x N/A 1986-2016 x N/A # 0.00000 2002-2016 x N/A 1986-2016 x N/A # 193 555 N/A i estimate N/A # 2008-2019 + N/A | N/A | (12) 1980-2019 + N/A | N/A | (0.08000) # keywintering N/A N/A
DE
20
35
N/A
p
mean
genuine
2004-2016 u N/A | N/A | (17) 1985-2016 + N/A | N/A | (71) 1318 0.3 2004-2016 - -30 | -11 | (N/A) 1980-2016 + 41 | 180 | (N/A) N/A N/A 140000 i mean genuine 7.3 2003-2016 - -55 | -51 | (-53) 1980-2016 + 233 | 308 | (269) keywintering 2600 0.5
DK
N/A
N/A
0
p
estimate
noChange
#
2006-2017 x N/A 1980-2017 - -93.01000 | -59.86 | (-83.08000) # 200 1996-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-75) 1974-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-33.33) # N/A N/A 29249 i estimate noChange # 1.5 2006-2017 F N/A 1987-2016 F N/A # keywintering N/A N/A
EE
50
80
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2007-2018 - -51 | -18 | (N/A) 1980-2017 - -70 | -66 | (N/A) 3200 0.6 2007-2018 - -124 | -50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 1 | (N/A) 3200 0.6
ES
31089 41573 36812 i interval noChange 1.9 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 - -36.8 | N/A | (N/A) keywintering
FI
31374
45561
36505
p
mean
genuine
67.8
2007-2018 - 34 | 55 | (46) 1986-2018 - 45 | 57 | (51) 171200 33.6 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 - 2 | 2 | (N/A) 170800 33.4
FR
36553 54179 44989 i estimate genuine 2.3 2006-2017 F -20 | 45 | (N/A) 1980-2017 F -50 | 50 | (N/A) keywintering
GR
55000 148000 N/A i estimate knowledge 5.3 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (57) 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering
HR
1500 4000 N/A i estimate N/A 0.1 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2013 x N/A keywintering
IE
N/A N/A 50452 i mean genuine # 2.6 2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-24) 1987-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-43.6) keywintering
IT
89682 112310 N/A i estimate genuine 5.2 2009-2015 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 1991-2015 + 25 | 65 | (N/A) keywintering
LV
0
99
N/A
p
estimate
method
2010-2017 x N/A 1991-2017 - -95 | -68 | (N/A) 2400 0.5 2000-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-66) 1980-2017 x N/A 2400 0.5
NL
20
40
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2006-2017 u -32 | 102 | (19) 1980-2017 + 232 | 776 | (441) 6100 1.2 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (32.6) 1977-2015 + N/A | N/A | (177.27) 846746 939943 887635 i mean genuine 46.0 2006-2017 = -38 | 14 | (-16) 1981-2017 + 15 | 108 | (54) keywintering 6100 1.2
PL
0
0
0
p
estimate
genuine
#
2007-2018 - -100 | -100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -100 | -100 | (N/A) 0.00000 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 60 2460 310 i minimum noChange 2011-2018 + 262 | 1861 | (781) 1980-2018 x N/A # keywintering N/A N/A
PT
4110 14877 8806 i mean N/A 0.5 2007-2018 = -5 | 25 | (9) 1988-2018 u N/A keywintering
PTAC
N/A N/A N/A N/A minimum N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering
RO
588 6874 N/A i mean knowledge 0.2 2013-2018 u -7.97 | 1.84 | (N/A) 2000-2018 u -2.76 | 7.05000 | (N/A) keywintering
SE
10000
24000
17000
p
estimate
genuine
31.6
2007-2018 - -70 | -30 | (-50) 1980-2018 - -90 | -50 | (-70) 287300 56.5 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 6000 16000 10000 i mean genuine 0.5 2007-2018 + 54 | 133 | (90) 1980-2018 + 16503 | 295005 | (72060) keywintering 285600 55.9
SI
180 380 N/A i estimate genuine 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-43) 1980-2018 - -50 | -40 | (N/A) keywintering
SK
50 150 N/A i estimate noChange 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) keywintering
UK
N/A
N/A
189
p
mean
noInfo
#
0.3
2001-2016 + N/A | N/A | (52) 1978-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-46) 36600 7.2 1989-2009 = 0.27 | 0.27 | (N/A) 1970-2009 + 29.33 | 29.33 | (N/A) N/A N/A 453439 i mean genuine # 23.5 2005-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-2) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (156.4) keywintering 36200 7.1
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 41600 70100 p - - 508000 NE NE 1780000 2090000 i - + Threatened Secure C B Threatened Mareca penelope