Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Warning: The map does not show the distribution for sensitive species in GR

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Sensitive spatial information for this species is not shown in the map. Current selection: 2013-2018, Mergus merganser. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE
BG estimateExpert
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimatePartial
DK completeSurvey
EE estimateExpert
FI completeSurvey
FR estimateExpert
GR completeSurvey
HR completeSurvey
HU completeSurvey
IE estimatePartial
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU
LV estimatePartial
NL
PL estimateExpert
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE
BG estimateExpert
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GR estimatePartial
HR estimatePartial
HU completeSurvey
IE estimatePartial
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU
LV completeSurvey
NL
PL absentData
RO estimatePartial
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG completeSurvey
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR completeSurvey
HR estimateExpert
HU estimatePartial
IE
IT
LT estimatePartial
LU completeSurvey
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
RO estimatePartial
SE completeSurvey
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
350
480
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.5
2007-2018 + 30 | 60 | (N/A) 1981-2018 + 800 | 1000 | (N/A) 16600 1.9 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (21) 1981-2018 + 800 | 1200 | (N/A) 1300 2300 N/A i estimate genuine 0.9 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (18) 1981-2014 + N/A | N/A | (113) keywintering 16000 1.8
BE
240 590 370 i interval genuine 0.2 2007-2018 u -64 | 24 | (-33) 1992-2018 - -80 | -41 | (-65) keywintering
BG
1
10
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2007-2018 + 20 | 40 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 400 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 2 50 N/A i estimate knowledge 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A keywintering 400
CZ
120
180
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.2
2001-2017 + 1536 | 5900 | (N/A) 1986-2016 + N/A | N/A | (18000) # 12000 1.3 2002-2016 + N/A | N/A | (594.11) 1986-2016 + N/A | N/A | (1866.66) # 4011 6162 N/A i estimate N/A 2.5 2008-2019 + N/A | N/A | (4) 1980-2019 + N/A | N/A | (2) # keywintering 12000 1.4
DE
850
1000
N/A
p
mean
genuine
1.1
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (13) 1985-2016 + N/A | N/A | (66) 37965 4.2 2004-2016 + 11 | 40 | (N/A) 1980-2016 + 41 | 180 | (N/A) N/A N/A 33000 i mean genuine 16.6 2003-2016 - -31 | -24 | (-28) 1980-2016 = -19 | -13 | (-16) keywintering 43000 4.8
DK
N/A
N/A
134
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.2
2006-2017 + 16.76 | 440.24 | (157.37) 1980-2017 + 135.88 | 448.08000 | (260.4) # 4700 0.5 1996-2017 + N/A | N/A | (88) 1974-2017 + N/A | N/A | (235.71) # N/A N/A 16253 i estimate noChange # 8.2 2006-2017 = N/A 1987-2017 = N/A # keywintering 4600 0.5
EE
2000
3000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
#
3.1
2006-2017 - -35 | -24 | (N/A) 1980-2017 - -72 | -68 | (N/A) 32600 3.6 2007-2018 + 13 | 16 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 36 | 52 | (N/A) # 5000 22000 N/A i estimate knowledge # 6.8 2006-2017 = 0 | 20 | (N/A) 1980-2017 + 20 | 50 | (N/A) keywintering 19400 2.2
FI
24386
45970
33694
p
mean
noChange
#
41.2
2007-2018 + 6 | 64 | (32) 1986-2018 = -19 | 20 | (-2) 162700 18.1 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 + 25 | 25 | (N/A) 17477 29369 24296 i minimum knowledge 12.2 2007-2018 = -5 | 12 | (8) 1980-2018 + 227 | 368 | (292) keywintering 162500 18.3
FR
300
400
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.4
2005-2018 + 50 | 60 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 200 | 300 | (N/A) 17100 1.9 2009-2018 + 20 | 35 | (N/A) 1985-2018 + 500 | 600 | (N/A) 2489 3411 2950 i mean genuine # 1.5 2007-2017 + 115 | 217 | (162) 1980-2017 + 126 | 200 | (160) # keywintering 16900 1.9
GR
15
19
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 700 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 9 47 N/A i estimate knowledge 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering 700
HR
14
21
N/A
p
mean
N/A
2007-2018 + 40 | 50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 24 2007-2018 + 40 | 50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 50 100 N/A i estimate N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering 900 0.1
HU
2
10
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 + 100 | 900 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 900 | (N/A) # 703 2007-2018 + 100 | 700 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 900 | (N/A) 1200 1500 N/A i estimate noChange # 0.7 2007-2018 + 260 | 619 | (N/A) 1996-2018 + 279 | 658 | (N/A) # keywintering 700
IE
1
5
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2011-2018 = N/A 1972-2018 = N/A 400 2011-2018 + N/A | N/A | (33) 1972-2018 + N/A | N/A | (300) 400
IT
100
110
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2007-2018 + 275 | 355 | (N/A) 1996-2018 + 9900 | 10900 | (N/A) # 9000 1.0 2007-2018 + 100 | 105 | (N/A) 1996-2018 + N/A | N/A | (5200) # 9000 1.0
LT
1300
1600
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
1.8
2013-2018 + 0 | 5 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 900 | 1300 | (N/A) 17500 1.9 2006-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 + 10 | 20 | (N/A) 1300 7000 N/A i estimate noInfo 2.1 2013-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A keywintering 17400 2.0
LU
100 150 N/A i estimate noChange 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 + 200 | 400 | (N/A) # keywintering
LV
500
1200
N/A
p
estimate
method
1.0
2000-2018 = 5.68 | 11.02000 | (8.24) 1980-2017 + 851 | 913 | (N/A) 19500 2.2 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-3) 1980-2017 + N/A | N/A | (191) 8237 9348 N/A i estimate noChange 4.4 2009-2018 u -24.1 | 79.3 | (17.8) 1991-2018 + 116.1 | 301.8 | (195.2) keywintering 19500 2.2
NL
4547 8147 6028 i mean genuine 3.0 2006-2017 u -47 | 52 | (-10) 1981-2017 - -86 | -49 | (-73) keywintering
PL
1500
2500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2.5
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 + 200 | 260 | (N/A) N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 21900 46300 30100 i minimum genuine # 15.1 2011-2018 = -5 | 30 | (11) 1980-2018 x N/A # keywintering N/A N/A
RO
100
250
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.2
2007-2018 + 1000 | 2500 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 10000 | 25000 | (N/A) 2700 0.3 2007-2018 + 500 | 1000 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 1000 | 1500 | (N/A) 63 741 N/A i mean genuine 0.2 2013-2018 - -16.29 | -4.06000 | (N/A) 2000-2018 u -6.95 | 0.76 | (N/A) keywintering 2700 0.3
SE
27000
42000
34000
p
estimate
noChange
41.6
2007-2018 = -9 | 32 | (10) 1980-2018 + 10 | 30 | (20) 466500 52.0 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 28000 42000 35000 i mean genuine 17.6 2007-2018 u -10 | 37 | (20) 1980-2018 + 46 | 70 | (59) keywintering 465200 52.5
SI
85
110
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2007-2018 + 40 | 90 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 8000 | 11000 | (N/A) # 3900 0.4 2007-2018 + 30 | 50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (1650) # 450 1000 N/A i estimate genuine 0.4 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (146) 1980-2018 + 800 | 900 | (N/A) keywintering 3600 0.4
SK
20
50
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 0 | 100 | (N/A) 4589 0.5 2007-2018 + 50 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 0 | 100 | (N/A) 500 800 N/A i estimate genuine 0.3 2007-2018 + 75 | 80 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 300 | (N/A) keywintering 4900 0.6
UK
4250
5264
4781
p
interval
genuine
#
5.8
2004-2016 + N/A | N/A | (40.58) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (186.07000) 87000 9.7 1989-2009 + 29.08000 | 29.08000 | (N/A) 1970-2009 + 111.68 | 111.68 | (N/A) N/A N/A 14630 i mean genuine # 7.3 2005-2016 = N/A | N/A | (7.5) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (20.5) # keywintering 86400 9.8
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 62900 105000 p + = 893000 NE NE 160000 245000 i = + Secure Secure A B Secure Mergus merganser