Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Mergus serrator. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimateExpert
ES
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR
HR
IE estimateExpert
IT
LT estimatePartial
LV estimateExpert
MT
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT
RO
SE estimatePartial
SI
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR
HR
IE completeSurvey
IT
LT estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
MT
NL completeSurvey
PL estimatePartial
PT
RO
SE estimatePartial
SI
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
BE completeSurvey
BG completeSurvey
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE completeSurvey
ES estimatePartial
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT
LV completeSurvey
MT estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT completeSurvey
RO estimatePartial
SE completeSurvey
SI completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
BE
3 8 5 i interval genuine 2007-2018 - -94 | -80 | (-89) 1992-2018 - -98 | -94 | (-96) keywintering
BG
120 200 N/A i estimate knowledge 0.2 2000-2018 - -20 | -5 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -70 | -20 | (N/A) keywintering
CY
0 4 N/A i estimate genuine # 2007-2018 - -64 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 10 | 50 | (N/A) keywintering
CZ
0 17 N/A i estimate N/A 2008-2019 x N/A 1980-2019 x N/A # keywintering
DE
N/A
N/A
340
p
estimate
genuine
0.6
2004-2016 = -9 | -4 | (-7) 1980-2016 = N/A | N/A | (12) 4098 0.7 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) N/A N/A 9500 i mean genuine 9.6 2003-2016 + 10 | 40 | (N/A) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) # keywintering 7900 1.4
DK
N/A
N/A
2631
p
estimate
genuine
#
4.5
2006-2017 - -66.46 | -30.75 | (-51.54) 1987-2017 - -70.17 | -42.98 | (-58.69) # 14000 2.5 1996-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-29.64) 1974-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-33.33) # N/A N/A 49500 i estimate method # 50.1 2006-2017 = N/A 1980-2016 = N/A # keywintering 13700 2.4
EE
300
500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.7
2006-2017 = 41 | 80 | (N/A) 1980-2017 - -58 | 15 | (N/A) 7300 1.3 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-31) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-40) 500 2500 N/A i estimate noChange 1.5 2006-2017 = 0 | 20 | (N/A) 1980-2017 + 20 | 50 | (N/A) keywintering 7300 1.3
ES
161 303 236 i minimum genuine # 0.2 2007-2018 - -89.3 | 0.39 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-48.2) keywintering
FI
22380
41580
31642
p
mean
method
54.2
2007-2018 - 0 | 44 | (22) 1986-2018 = -11 | 55 | (18) 121800 21.7 N/A N/A N/A 1980-2010 - 9 | 9 | (N/A) 142 315 229 i minimum genuine 0.2 2007-2018 + 51 | 72 | (57) 1980-2018 = -39 | 16 | (-16) keywintering 121600 21.6
FR
4
5
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2017 + N/A | N/A | (200) 1993-2017 F -19 | 208 | (N/A) # 200 2007-2017 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1993-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) # 2717 3186 2952 i mean noChange # 3.0 2007-2018 - -36 | -11 | (-24) 1980-2017 = -14 | 5 | (0) # keywintering 200
GR
184 450 N/A i estimate knowledge 0.3 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (173) keywintering
HR
430 450 N/A i estimate N/A 0.5 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A keywintering
IE
300
1000
N/A
p
minimum
noChange
#
1.1
1995-2011 - N/A | N/A | (-62) 1980-2011 x N/A # 6300 # 1.1 1991-2011 - N/A | N/A | (-29) 1972-2011 - N/A | N/A | (-55) # N/A N/A 1913 i mean genuine # 1.9 2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-8.1) 1987-2016 + N/A | N/A | (5.2) keywintering 6200 1.1
IT
1115 1310 N/A i estimate genuine 1.2 2009-2015 = N/A 1991-2015 - -30 | -10 | (N/A) keywintering
LT
0
5
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2013-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-50) 300 # 2006-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 - -100 | -80 | (N/A) 300
LV
0
1
1
p
estimate
noChange
2012-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 100 2000-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-75) 1988-2017 = N/A 72 204 N/A i estimate noChange 0.1 2009-2018 u -89 | 113.1 | (-45.4) 1991-2018 u -75.9 | 30.4 | (-43.2) keywintering 100
MT
10 18 N/A i estimate noInfo 2008-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-20) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-20) # keywintering
NL
55
80
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2006-2017 = -38 | 16 | (-14) 1980-2017 + 2650 | 5800 | (N/A) 1900 0.3 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (72.72) 1977-2015 + N/A | N/A | (850) 4984 8888 7085 i mean noChange # 7.2 2006-2017 = -38 | 19 | (-14) 1981-2017 = -26 | 40 | (2) keywintering 1900 0.3
PL
0
0
0
p
estimate
noChange
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 - -100 | -100 | (N/A) # 0.00000 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 1000 6700 2400 i mean method 2.4 2011-2018 u -42 | 23 | (-15) 1980-2018 x N/A # keywintering N/A N/A
PT
1 68 33 i mean N/A 2007-2018 u -100 | 483 | (N/A) 1988-2018 - N/A # keywintering
RO
4 195 N/A i mean knowledge 0.1 2013-2018 u -10.49 | 19.02000 | (N/A) 2000-2018 u -0.79 | 7.04000 | (N/A) keywintering
SE
17000
26000
21000
p
estimate
noChange
36.0
2007-2018 = -37 | 12 | (-16) 1980-2018 + 10 | 30 | (20) 348100 62.0 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 4000 17000 10000 i mean genuine 10.1 2007-2018 - -28 | -1 | (-16) 1980-2018 + 104 | 137 | (123) keywintering 347300 61.6
SI
15 60 N/A i estimate genuine 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-78) 1980-2018 - -80 | -70 | (N/A) keywintering
UK
N/A
N/A
1673
p
estimate
genuine
#
2.9
2004-2018 x N/A 1991-2013 + N/A | N/A | (18.6) 57200 10.2 1989-2009 - -19.89 | -19.89 | (N/A) 1970-2009 - -20.11 | -20.11 | (N/A) N/A N/A 10947 i mean knowledge # 11.1 2005-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-21.3) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (31.6) keywintering 56900 10.1
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 44600 73900 p - = 561000 NE NE 87300 114000 i - = Near Threatened Secure C B Threatened Mergus serrator