Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Warning: The map does not show the distribution for sensitive species in CY, LT

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Sensitive spatial information for this species is not shown in the map. Current selection: 2013-2018, Sterna hirundo. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE completeSurvey
ES completeSurvey
ESIC estimatePartial
FI estimateExpert
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LV estimatePartial
NL completeSurvey
PL estimateExpert
PT estimatePartial
PTAC completeSurvey
PTMA estimatePartial
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
ESIC absentData
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
PTAC completeSurvey
PTMA completeSurvey
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK completeSurvey
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
ESIC
FI
FR
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LV
NL
PL
PT
PTAC
PTMA
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
340
480
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.2
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (2) 1981-2018 + 300 | 320 | (N/A) 1500 0.2 2007-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 1981-2018 + 15 | 30 | (N/A) 1200 0.1
BE
300
1510
900
p
mean
genuine
0.6
2008-2018 - -81 | -2 | (-42) 1973-2018 + 90 | 856 | (470) 5412 # 0.6 2008-2018 + N/A | N/A | (174.72) 1973-2018 + N/A | N/A | (417.89) 9400 1.1
BG
500
1500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.6
2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A 6608 0.7 2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A 8000 0.9
CY
1
3
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 200 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 200 | (N/A) 200
CZ
600
800
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2001-2017 + 33 | 50 | (N/A) 1981-2017 + N/A | N/A | (1) # 8300 0.9 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-3.79) 1986-2016 + N/A | N/A | (10.14) # 8300 0.9
DE
8500
9000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
5.3
2004-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-6) 1985-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-9) 29982 3.3 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (0) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (N/A) 36100 4.0
DK
N/A
N/A
635
p
estimate
noChange
0.4
2004-2015 = N/A 1980-2015 F N/A 10900 1.2 1996-2017 + N/A | N/A | (26.74) 1974-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-14.84) # 10800 1.2
EE
5000
7000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
#
3.7
2006-2017 + 159 | 196 | (N/A) 1980-2017 + 70 | 762 | (N/A) 30500 3.4 2007-2018 = 16 | 17 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 22 | 24 | (N/A) 16700 1.9
ES
4602
7449
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
3.7
2007-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-18) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (204) 2100 # 0.2 2007-2016 + N/A | N/A | (133) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (600) # 2100 0.2
ESIC
16
24
N/A
p
estimate
noInfo
#
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 - -57 | -53 | (N/A) # 1300 0.1 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 3400 0.4
FI
29215
55624
41495
p
estimate
knowledge
#
25.3
2007-2018 - 20 | 42 | (32) 1980-2018 = N/A 217200 24.2 2001-2012 x N/A 1980-2010 + 13 | 13 | (N/A) 217000 24.2
FR
6500
7500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
4.3
2007-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 20 | 25 | (N/A) 57500 6.4 2009-2018 + 5 | 10 | (N/A) 1985-2018 + 30 | 60 | (N/A) 57400 6.4
GR
1300
1500
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.8
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 17100 1.9 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 = N/A 13100 1.5
HR
400
700
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
0.3
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 4100 0.5 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 4100 0.5
HU
565
862
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.4
2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A # 5026 0.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 5200 0.6
IE
N/A
N/A
5058
p
estimate
knowledge
3.1
2015-2018 + N/A | N/A | (104) 1984-2018 + N/A | N/A | (201) 4300 0.5 2002-2018 + N/A | 83 | (83) 1984-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-32) 4300 0.5
IT
4000
6000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
3.0
2007-2018 + 55 | 60 | (N/A) 1993-2018 = N/A 21000 2.3 2007-2018 = N/A 1993-2018 + 65 | 70 | (N/A) 21000 2.3
LT
1800
2500
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.3
2013-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-20) 1980-2018 - -65 | -50 | (N/A) 13900 1.6 2006-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 13800 1.5
LV
1100
2300
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.0
2000-2018 - -51.96 | -50.8 | (-51.25) 1980-2017 = -9 | -7 | (N/A) 20600 2.3 2000-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-15) 1980-2017 + N/A | N/A | (67) 20500 2.3
NL
14000
19000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
10.1
2006-2017 - -34 | -15 | (-25) 1980-2017 + 87 | 89 | (88) 25800 # 2.9 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (18.89) 1977-2015 + N/A | N/A | (13.15) 25500 2.9
PL
6000
8000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
4.3
2007-2018 = -33 | 22 | (-9) 1980-2018 = 5 | 15 | (N/A) # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PT
10
20
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 400 # 2005-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-82) 1980-2018 x N/A # 400
PTAC
2419
3411
N/A
p
estimate
noInfo
#
1.8
2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2012 F N/A # 196 # 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A # 6100 0.7
PTMA
500
1000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.5
2008-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 1980-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 2000 0.2 2001-2018 + N/A | 125 | (1) 1980-2018 x N/A | N/A | (1) 1800 0.2
RO
6000
15000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
6.4
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 13900 1.6 2007-2018 + 1 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 13900 1.6
SE
18000
33000
25000
p
estimate
noChange
15.2
2007-2018 = -25 | 10 | (0) 1980-2018 + 30 | 50 | (40) 328000 36.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 327700 36.6
SI
197
442
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.2
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (156) 1980-2018 + 100 | 150 | (N/A) 700 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-63) # 600
SK
460
900
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2007-2018 - -30 | -20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 200 | 450 | (N/A) 1954 0.2 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 2000 0.2
UK
8911
13371
10884
p
interval
genuine
#
6.6
2004-2015 - -16 | -10 | (-7) 1986-2015 - -32 | 5 | (-16) # 66300 7.4 1989-2009 - -16.81 | -16.81 | (N/A) 1970-2009 = 0.3 | 0.3 | (N/A) 65500 7.3
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 120000 190000 p - + 882000 NE NE Secure A B Secure Sterna hirundo