Article 12 web tool

Log in

Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Warning: The map does not show the distribution for sensitive species in CY

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Sensitive spatial information for this species is not shown in the map. Current selection: 2013-2018, Sternula albifrons. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
BE completeSurvey
BG completeSurvey
CY estimateExpert
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LV estimatePartial
NL completeSurvey
PL estimateExpert
PT completeSurvey
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PT estimatePartial
RO estimateExpert
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimatePartial
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
FR
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LV
NL
PL
PT
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
BE
40
82
61
p
mean
genuine
0.4
2008-2018 - -61 | -21 | (-41) 1973-2018 + 2567 | 5367 | (3967) 1 # 2008-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-50) 1973-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-50) 2600 2.5
BG
33
262
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.9
2000-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 - -10 | -5 | (N/A) 1802 1.7 2000-2018 - -10 | -5 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -10 | -5 | (N/A) 2400 2.3
CY
2
20
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 + 5 | 100 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 100 | 500 | (N/A) 500 0.5 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 + 200 | 500 | (N/A) 500 0.5
CZ
0
0
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
2001-2017 x N/A 1981-2017 x N/A # 0.00000 2002-2016 x N/A 1986-2016 x N/A # N/A N/A
DE
N/A
N/A
500
p
mean
genuine
3.2
2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-24) 1985-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-26) # 1733 1.6 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2016 - -65 | -26 | (N/A) 4900 4.6
DK
N/A
N/A
457
p
estimate
noChange
2.9
2004-2015 - N/A | N/A | (-43) 1980-2015 F N/A 5500 5.2 1996-2017 = N/A 1974-2017 - N/A | N/A | (-57) # 5500 5.2
EE
150
250
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.3
2006-2017 = 25 | 44 | (N/A) 1980-2017 - -37 | 11 | (N/A) 5600 5.3 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-26) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-33) 5600 5.3
ES
1574
2833
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
14.0
2007-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-25) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (394) # 3500 # 3.3 2007-2016 + N/A | N/A | (123) 1980-2016 + N/A | N/A | (2100) # 3400 3.2
FI
75
85
80
p
estimate
genuine
0.5
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (5) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (126) 3200 3.0 2007-2018 N/A N/A 1980-2010 + 43 | 43 | (43) 3200 3.0
FR
1719
2292
2005
p
estimate
knowledge
#
12.7
2007-2017 + N/A | N/A | (28) 1979-2017 + N/A | N/A | (156) # 15200 14.5 2014-2017 x N/A 1985-2017 = N/A 15200 14.3
GR
1500
2000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
11.1
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-14) 12200 11.6 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 10600 10.0
HR
25
60
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
0.3
2007-2018 - -40 | -20 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -75 | -60 | (N/A) 4100 3.9 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 900 0.8
HU
N/A
N/A
0
p
estimate
genuine
#
2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-100) 1980-2018 F N/A # 0.00000 2007-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-100) 1980-2018 F N/A # N/A N/A
IE
N/A
N/A
388
p
estimate
genuine
2.5
2002-2018 + N/A | N/A | (88) 1984-2018 + N/A | N/A | (51) 2300 2.2 2002-2018 + N/A | 156 | (156) 1984-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-28) 2300 2.2
IT
2000
3500
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
17.4
2004-2015 + 120 | 130 | (N/A) 1993-2018 - -60 | -40 | (N/A) 17400 16.6 2007-2018 - -15 | -10 | (N/A) 1993-2018 + 60 | 65 | (N/A) 17400 16.4
LT
150
200
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
1.1
2013-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-25) 1980-2018 - -50 | -40 | (N/A) 2500 2.4 2006-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-35) 1980-2018 = N/A 2500 2.4
LV
70
100
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.5
2012-2018 - -26.7 | -21.81 | (-23.62) 1980-2017 - -70 | -69 | (N/A) 2800 2.7 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-7) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-10) 2800 2.6
NL
620
1000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
5.1
2006-2017 u -11 | 75 | (25) 1980-2017 + 127 | 151 | (139) 3400 # 3.2 2000-2015 + N/A | N/A | (36) 1977-2015 - N/A | N/A | (-15) 3400 3.2
PL
700
1100
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
5.7
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 - -30 | -15 | (N/A) N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PT
620
650
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
4.0
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 4000 # 3.8 2005-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-18) 1980-2018 = N/A # 4000 3.8
RO
200
600
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2.5
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 4100 3.9 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 4100 3.9
SE
530
730
630
p
estimate
genuine
4.0
2007-2018 + 10 | 50 | (30) 1980-2018 + 40 | 80 | (60) 4700 4.5 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 4700 4.4
SI
22
58
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.2
2007-2018 u N/A | N/A | (31) 1980-2018 + 1000 | 2000 | (N/A) 200 0.2 2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (100) 1980-2018 + N/A | N/A | (33) # 200 0.2
SK
0
0
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A 0.00000 2007-2018 F N/A 1980-2018 F N/A N/A N/A
UK
N/A
N/A
1491
p
mean
genuine
#
9.5
2004-2015 - -7 | -4 | (-4) 1986-2015 - -42 | -28 | (-34) # 10100 9.6 1989-2009 - -34.84 | -34.84 | (N/A) 1970-2009 - -38.79 | -38.79 | (N/A) 10000 9.4
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 12600 18100 p = - 100000 NE NE Secure A B Secure Sternula albifrons