Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 and in EU28 for the period 2013-2018.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The ‘Audit trail’ includes the methods used for the EU assessment and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.

Legend
+
Increasing
=
Stable
x
Unknown
-
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
u
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES ‘correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.
Similarly ‘UK’ stands for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (excluding Gibraltar-GIB).
The data from delayed delivery by Romania were not used for the EU population status assessment.

Current selection: 2013-2018, Sturnus vulgaris. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from
gridded maps (km2)
Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimateExpert
BG estimatePartial
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimateExpert
ES completeSurvey
ESIC estimatePartial
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
GIB
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU estimatePartial
IE completeSurvey
IT estimateExpert
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
MT estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PTAC estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI completeSurvey
SK estimateExpert
UK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CY
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
ESIC absentData
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
GIB
GR estimatePartial
HR estimateExpert
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimatePartial
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
MT estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL absentData
PTAC estimatePartial
RO completeSurvey
SE estimatePartial
SI absentData
SK estimateExpert
UK completeSurvey
Area
% MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CY estimatePartial
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
ESIC
FI
FR
GIB estimatePartial
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
MT estimateExpert
NL
PL
PTAC
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude Status Distrib. % MS
AT
140000
240000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
0.8
2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (2) 1981-2018 x N/A 69600 2.3 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (5) 1981-2018 x N/A 63500 2.1
BE
155100
301000
228000
p
estimate
method
0.9
2008-2018 - -39 | -21 | (-31) 1973-2018 - -54 | -11 | (-33) # 30557 # 1.0 2008-2018 = N/A 1973-2018 = N/A 31500 1.0
BG
800000
2000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
5.7
2001-2018 - -33 | -10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 5 | (N/A) 104595 3.4 2001-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 108000 3.5
CY
5000 200000 N/A i estimate method # N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A other
CZ
1000000
2000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
6.1
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (3) 1982-2018 + N/A | N/A | (2) # 83800 2.8 2002-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-0.15) 1986-2016 = N/A | N/A | (-0.15) # 79600 2.6
DE
2600000
3600000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
12.5
2004-2016 - -22 | -7 | (-15) 1980-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-55) 356178 11.7 2004-2016 = -10 | 10 | (0) 1980-2016 = -30 | 40 | (0) 372000 12.2
DK
N/A
N/A
289675
p
estimate
genuine
#
1.2
2006-2017 - -58.32 | -18.34 | (-41.38) 1980-2017 - -69.56 | -55.96 | (-63.37) # 57900 1.9 1996-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-1.19) 1974-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-1.53) # 57600 1.9
EE
200000
250000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
0.9
2007-2018 = -22 | -17 | (N/A) 1983-2018 = -3 | 14 | (N/A) # 52500 1.7 2007-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-3) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (-5) 28900 0.9
ES
400000
1200000
N/A
p
interval
noChange
3.2
2007-2018 = N/A 1984-2018 + N/A 35207 1.2 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 + N/A | 40.1 | (N/A) 35100 1.1
ESIC
50
250
N/A
p
minimum
noInfo
#
2007-2018 u N/A 1980-2018 u N/A # 500 2007-2018 u N/A 1980-2018 u N/A # 700
FI
59164
112934
88272
p
estimate
genuine
0.4
2007-2018 + 4 | 68 | (33) 1980-2018 - 35 | 65 | (52) 158700 5.2 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2010 - 33 | 33 | (N/A) 158600 5.2
FR
2000000
3500000
N/A
p
estimate
method
11.1
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (23) 2001-2018 + N/A | N/A | (21) 517800 17.0 2009-2017 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1985-2017 = N/A 513700 16.8
GIB
11 50 50 i mean knowledge N/A 2001-2018 F 0 | 1000 | (1000) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (0) other
GR
200000
390000
N/A
p
estimate
knowledge
1.2
2007-2018 + N/A | N/A | (156) 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (0) 72000 2.4 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 69800 2.3
HR
500000
1000000
N/A
p
estimate
N/A
3.0
2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 16500 0.5 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 68800 2.2
HU
710000
990000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
3.4
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A 93011 3.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A # 94400 3.1
IE
1437631
2803162
2066904
i
interval
genuine
#
N/A
2006-2016 = -9.7 | 2 | (-4) 1980-2016 x N/A # 84300 2.8 2006-2016 + N/A | N/A | (10) 1972-2016 + N/A | N/A | (10.8) # 83300 2.7
IT
800000
2000000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
5.7
2012-2017 = N/A 1993-2018 - -35 | -20 | (N/A) 216800 7.1 2007-2018 = N/A 1993-2018 + 50 | 55 | (N/A) 215800 7.1
LT
300000
500000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
1.6
2013-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 73500 2.4 2013-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 71100 2.3
LU
30000
40000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
#
0.1
2007-2018 = 0 | 10 | (N/A) 1980-2018 - -20 | -10 | (N/A) 1269 # 2007-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 1980-2018 = 0 | 0 | (N/A) 2400
LV
326025
406455
364026
p
interval
genuine
1.5
2005-2018 + 2.8 | 61.3 | (29) 1995-2018 + 39.39 | 195.63 | (N/A) 65800 2.2 2000-2017 = N/A | N/A | (-7) 1980-2017 = N/A | N/A | (2) 63900 2.1
MT
2
2
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
#
2013-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-10) 1980-2018 = N/A 1 2013-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 18750 37500 N/A i estimate noInfo N/A 2008-2013 - N/A | N/A | (-20) 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-20) other 100
NL
450000
750000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2.4
2006-2017 - -19 | -4 | (-12) 1984-2017 - -77 | -58 | (-69) 44600 1.5 2000-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-1.54) 1977-2015 = N/A | N/A | (-1.97) 40400 1.3
PL
2205000
2963000
N/A
p
interval
genuine
10.5
2007-2018 = -8 | 16 | (3) 1980-2018 x N/A # N/A N/A 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 x N/A N/A N/A
PTAC
440519
967404
730997
p
mean
method
#
3.0
2007-2017 + 0.1 | 50 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A # 7400 # 0.2 2008-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 x N/A # 7400 0.2
RO
2749791
3584757
N/A
p
interval
method
12.8
2008-2018 u -7 | 1 | (N/A) 1980-2018 x N/A 231400 7.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 226200 7.4
SE
365000
448000
403000
p
estimate
genuine
1.6
2007-2018 - -43 | -30 | (-37) 1980-2018 - -68 | -58 | (-63) 332800 10.9 2007-2018 - -20 | -10 | (-15) 1980-2018 - -20 | -10 | (-15) 332300 10.9
SI
155000
301000
N/A
p
estimate
genuine
0.9
2008-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-22.4) 1980-2018 x N/A 10800 # 0.4 2007-2018 x N/A 1980-2018 = N/A | N/A | (7) # 9300 0.3
SK
400000
800000
N/A
p
estimate
noChange
2.4
2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 = N/A 49020 1.6 2007-2018 = N/A 1980-2018 - N/A | N/A | (-10) 52200 1.7
UK
1531200
1940213
1735706
p
interval
genuine
7.0
2004-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-35.1) 1980-2016 - N/A | N/A | (-81.76) # 271600 8.9 1989-2009 = N/A 1970-2009 = N/A # 270900 8.9
EU population status assessments
Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population EU population
status
Contribution
to Target 1
Season Previous status Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Area Short-term trend Long-term trend Population size (min) Population size (max) Unit Short-term trend Long-term trend Breeding Wintering
EU28 18200000 31900000 p - - 3050000 NE NE Declining C B Secure Sturnus vulgaris