Article 12 web tool

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Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 , in EU28 for the period 2013-2018 and in EU 27 for the period 2019-2024.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The 'Audit trail' includes the methods used for the EU biogeographical assessments and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.
Some inconsistencies may appear in the data reported by Member States. To ensure the robustness of the EU-level assessments, all assessments
undergo expert review. Where inconsistencies or potential errors are identified, they are documented transparently and per bird taxon in the assessment audit trail.

Legend
I
Increasing
S
Stable
Unk
Unknown
D
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
U
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES‘ correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.

The delayed delivery by Romania did not allow the Romanian report to be used for the EU population status assessment. Where possible, data available to the BirdLife network were used for the EU assessments

Current selection: 2019-2024, Corvus frugilegus. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from gridded maps (km2) Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimatePartial
EL estimateExpert
ES completeSurvey
FI estimatePartial
FR estimatePartial
HR estimatePartial
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
LT estimateExpert
LU completeSurvey
LV estimateExpert
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
SE completeSurvey
SI estimateExpert
SK estimateExpert
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE completeSurvey
BG estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimatePartial
EL estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
HR estimatePartial
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
LT estimateExpert
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL estimatePartial
SE completeSurvey
SI estimatePartial
SK estimateExpert
Area
ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG estimatePartial
CZ estimatePartial
DE
DK
EE estimateExpert
EL
ES
FI
FR estimateExpert
HR estimateExpert
HU estimateExpert
IE
LT absentData
LU
LV
NL
PL
SE estimatePartial
SI
SK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ Status Distrib. % MS
AT
2000.0
2400.0
p
interval
genuine
0.05
2013-2024 S NA | NA | 3 1981-2024 I 300 | 400 | NA # 3600.0 0.04 2013-2024 S NA | NA | -5 1990-2024 I NA | NA | 50 5300.0 0.7 Corvus frugilegus
BE
31030.0
35240.0
33135.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.7
2013-2024 I 0.386816 | 0.574927 | 0.480849 1973-2024 I 2.87875 | 3.40488 | 3.14175 20409.0 0.2 2013-2024 D NA | NA | -0.121816 1973-2024 I NA | NA | 0.870498 24900.0 3.3 Corvus frugilegus
BG
2330.0
4637.0
p
interval
knowledge
0.08
2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 1980-2024 D NA | NA | -80.6 # 5400.0 0.06 2013-2024 D -40 | -20 | NA 1980-2024 D -50 | -30 | NA # 80000.0 300000.0 i interval First time reported 11.9 2013-2024 D -40 | -20 | NA 1980-2024 D -60 | -40 | NA # 5800.0 0.8 Corvus frugilegus
CZ
3979.0
4805.0
p
estimate
knowledge
#
0.1
2013-2025 I NA | NA | 15.5789 1985-2025 I NA | NA | 41.6774 2300.0 # 0.03 2013-2024 D NA | NA | -27.9449 1985-2024 D NA | NA | -51.9632 # 10000.0 100000.0 i estimate unknown # 2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 2300.0 0.3 Corvus frugilegus
DE
140000.0
155000.0
p
mean
genuine
3.3
2010-2022 I 64 | 99 | 81 1985-2022 I NA | NA | 412 8209460.27 93.8 2010-2022 I 41 | 100 | NA 1980-2022 I 46 | 240 | NA 100800.0 13.2 Corvus frugilegus
DK
56022.0
121983.0
85899.0
p
mean
genuine
1.9
2012-2023 I -47 | 149 | 15 1984-2023 I -40 | 195 | 32 39100.0 # 0.5 2014-2023 S NA | NA | 3 1974-2023 I NA | NA | 89 64300.0 8.4 Corvus frugilegus
EE
5000.0
6000.0
p
estimate
knowledge
0.1
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 2000-2024 I 21 | 425 | 162 4300.0 # 0.05 2013-2024 D NA | NA | -28 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 100.0 350.0 i minimum First time reported 0.01 2013-2024 I 16 | 564 | NA 2008-2024 I 11 | 1061 | NA # 5300.0 0.7 Corvus frugilegus
EL
2000.0
5000.0
p
estimate
knowledge
0.08
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 11500.0 0.1 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 13500.0 1.8 Corvus frugilegus
ES
1720.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.04
2013-2024 I NA | NA | 11.55 2003-2024 I NA | NA | 57.94 2200.0 0.03 2013-2024 D NA | NA | -50.09 1980-2021 D NA | NA | -14.33 # 2500.0 0.3 Corvus frugilegus
FI
950.0
1100.0
1000.0
p
estimate
genuine
#
0.02
2013-2024 D NA | NA | -15 1980-2024 D NA | NA | NA # 3000.0 0.03 2008-2024 D NA | NA | -48 1980-2024 D NA | NA | -33 # 3500.0 0.5 Corvus frugilegus
FR
200000.0
350000.0
p
estimate
noChange
6.2
2012-2023 U -40.1 | 18.3 | -15.8 2001-2023 D -56 | -8.4 | -36.5 202900.0 2.3 2009-2024 S NA | NA | -7 1985-2024 I NA | NA | 23 1000000.0 i minimum First time reported # 62.7 2014-2023 U -55.7 | 18.5 | -27.5 1980-2023 Unk NA | NA | NA 223300.0 29.3 Corvus frugilegus
HR
1045.0
1359.0
p
estimate
genuine
#
0.03
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 9653.63 0.1 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 5000.0 i minimum First time reported # 0.3 2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 34300.0 4.5 Corvus frugilegus
HU
30000.0
51000.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.9
2013-2024 I 376 | 1264 | 490.1 1980-2024 D -88 | -80 | NA 23279.0 0.3 2013-2024 I NA | NA | 20 1980-2024 D -20 | -10 | NA 100000.0 200000.0 i interval First time reported 9.4 2013-2024 D NA | NA | -50 1980-2024 D NA | NA | -80 # 25200.0 3.3 Corvus frugilegus
IE
2355880.0
5008260.0
3600080.0
p
interval
genuine
#
80.5
2011-2022 S -12.8 | 28.4 | 6.1 1980-2023 Unk NA | NA | NA # 77500.0 0.9 1991-2011 S NA | NA | 0 1972-2011 S NA | NA | 0 # 100500.0 13.2 Corvus frugilegus
LT
23000.0
26000.0
p
estimate
noChange
0.6
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 D -60 | -50 | NA 11600.0 0.1 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 D -20 | -15 | NA i First time reported 0.0 2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 12500.0 1.6 Corvus frugilegus
LU
3300.0
3500.0
p
estimate
noChange
0.08
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 I 90 | 110 | NA 1066.0 0.01 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 3700.0 0.5 Corvus frugilegus
LV
4600.0
5400.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2017-2024 I 16.64 | 17 | NA 1980-2024 D -37 | -37 | NA 11900.0 0.1 2013-2024 S NA | NA | 5.13 1982-2015 I 8.87 | 16.81 | 12.84 # 12500.0 1.6 Corvus frugilegus
NL
50000.0
55000.0
53000.0
p
mean
genuine
1.2
2012-2023 D -8 | -4 | -6 1985-2023 D -11.0571 | -11.0571 | -11.0571 22200.0 0.2 2011-2023 S NA | NA | -0.0305677 1977-2023 I NA | NA | 0.361963 23700.0 3.1 Corvus frugilegus
PL
115000.0
141000.0
p
mean
genuine
#
2.9
2013-2024 D -60 | -26 | -45 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA # 65600.0 # 0.8 2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 D NA | NA | -56 # 67600.0 8.9 Corvus frugilegus
SE
46700.0
51700.0
49000.0
p
estimate
knowledge
1.1
2013-2024 S NA | NA | 0 1980-2024 I 130 | 170 | 150 13300.0 # 0.1 2013-2024 S NA | NA | 0 1980-2024 I 5 | 15 | NA 70000.0 130000.0 100000.0 i estimate First time reported # 6.3 2013-2024 D -40 | -10 | -30 1980-2024 I 60 | 200 | 120 19500.0 2.6 Corvus frugilegus
SI
150.0
250.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.0
2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 2800.0 # 0.03 2013-2024 I 60 | 70 | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 3500.0 0.5 Corvus frugilegus
SK
5000.0
7000.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.1
2013-2024 D -20 | -10 | NA 2000-2024 D -50 | -30 | NA 4826.06 0.06 2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 2000-2024 D -20 | -10 | NA 100000.0 200000.0 i estimate First time reported 9.4 2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 2000-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 6600.0 0.9 Corvus frugilegus