Article 12 web tool

Log in
Article 12 > Species summary

Population status and trends at the EU and Member State levels

The Article 12 web tool provides an access to EU assessments and Member States’ data compiled as part of the Habitats Directive - Article 12 reporting process. The EU assessments have been carried out in EU 27 for the period 2008-2012 , in EU28 for the period 2013-2018 and in EU 27 for the period 2019-2024.

Choose period, species and if relevant sub-specific unit.

Once a selection has been made the breeding distribution of the species can be visualized in a map.

The ‘Data sheet info’ includes notes for each assessment per species.

The 'Audit trail' includes the methods used for the EU biogeographical assessments and justifications for decisions made by the assessors.
Some inconsistencies may appear in the data reported by Member States. To ensure the robustness of the EU-level assessments, all assessments
undergo expert review. Where inconsistencies or potential errors are identified, they are documented transparently and per bird taxon in the assessment audit trail.

Legend
I
Increasing
S
Stable
Unk
Unknown
D
Decreasing
F
Fluctuating
U
Uncertain

Codes ‘PT’, ‘ES‘ correspond to Portugal mainland (excluding Azores-PTAC and Madeira-PTMA) and Spain mainland (excluding Canary Islands-ESIC) respectively.

The delayed delivery by Romania did not allow the Romanian report to be used for the EU population status assessment. Where possible, data available to the BirdLife network were used for the EU assessments

Current selection: 2019-2024, Parus major. Show all
Data from Member States reports
MS Breeding population Breeding distribution Winter population Breeding area from gridded maps (km2) Ssp. / subsp. unit
Population size Population trend Distribution size Distribution trend Population size Population trend
Min
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for population size as a whole:
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT estimatePartial
BE estimatePartial
BG completeSurvey
CY estimatePartial
CZ estimateExpert
DE completeSurvey
DK estimatePartial
EE estimatePartial
EL estimateExpert
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR estimatePartial
HR estimatePartial
HU completeSurvey
IE completeSurvey
IT estimatePartial
LT estimateExpert
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL completeSurvey
PT estimatePartial
SE completeSurvey
SI estimatePartial
SK estimatePartial
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ
Mouse-over texts for entries below show "Method used" reported for distribution surface area (in km²):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT completeSurvey
BE estimatePartial
BG estimateExpert
CY estimatePartial
CZ completeSurvey
DE estimateExpert
DK completeSurvey
EE estimateExpert
EL estimatePartial
ES completeSurvey
FI completeSurvey
FR completeSurvey
HR estimatePartial
HU estimatePartial
IE completeSurvey
IT completeSurvey
LT estimateExpert
LU estimatePartial
LV completeSurvey
NL completeSurvey
PL estimatePartial
PT completeSurvey
SE completeSurvey
SI estimatePartial
SK estimatePartial
Area
ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ Min
Mouse-over texts below show "Method used" reported for population size value(s):
estimatePartial - based mainly on extrapolation from limited amount of data
estimateExpert - based mainly on expert opinion, with very limited data
absentData - insufficient or no data available
completeSurvey - complete survey or statistically robust estimate
Country Method used
AT
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
EL
ES
FI
FR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
NL
PL
PT
SE
SI
SK
Max
Best value Unit Type est. Change ℹ % MS ST period ST direction ST magnitude LT period LT direction LT magnitude ℹ Status Distrib. % MS
AT
760000.0
1300000.0
p
interval
knowledge
2.3
2013-2023 S NA | NA | -2 1997-2024 I NA | NA | 14 # 85000.0 0.2 2013-2024 S NA | NA | -7.39935 1990-2024 S NA | NA | -1.04651 99100.0 2.2 Parus major
BE
282700.0
547200.0
414950.0
p
estimate
genuine
0.9
2013-2024 D -0.154931 | -0.065161 | -0.110312 1973-2024 S -0.168529 | 0.609412 | 0.220441 30574.0 0.08 2013-2024 S NA | NA | -0.00277243 1973-2024 S NA | NA | 0 40300.0 0.9 Parus major
BG
1250400.0
1447600.0
p
interval
method
 #
3.0
2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 1980-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA # 123100.0 0.3 2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 1980-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 155600.0 3.4 Parus major
CY
102000.0
122000.0
p
estimate
genuine
 #
0.2
2013-2024 D -19 | -7 | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 8400.0 # 0.02 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 12300.0 0.3 Parus major
CZ
3345700.0
7299800.0
p
estimate
genuine
11.8
2015-2024 S NA | NA | 5.72 1982-2024 I NA | NA | 32.51 85700.0 # 0.2 2013-2024 S NA | NA | 0.467531 1985-2024 S NA | NA | 2.30831 # 92500.0 2.0 Parus major
DE
6000000.0
7450000.0
p
estimate
genuine
14.9
2010-2022 I 13 | 19 | 16 1980-2022 S NA | NA | 28 35625449.03 91.1 2010-2022 S -10 | 10 | NA 1980-2022 S -30 | 45 | NA 421900.0 9.3 Parus major
DK
475041.0
642215.0
555548.0
p
mean
genuine
1.2
2012-2023 D -41 | 7 | -21 1981-2023 D -50 | -10 | -33 52300.0 # 0.1 2014-2023 S NA | NA | 0 1974-2023 S NA | NA | -13 87100.0 1.9 Parus major
EE
250000.0
280000.0
p
estimate
noChange
0.6
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1984-2024 S NA | NA | NA 50600.0 0.1 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 63600.0 1.4 Parus major
EL
870000.0
1080000.0
p
estimate
noChange
2.2
2013-2024 U -1 | 8 | 4 1980-2024 S NA | NA | 3 # 138300.0 0.3 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 186800.0 4.1 Parus major
ES
3374227.0
3822071.0
3599745.0
p
interval
genuine
8.0
2012-2023 D -15.06 | -5.23 | -10.27 2002-2023 D -16.47 | -6.72 | -11.72 # 441000.0 1.1 2012-2023 S NA | NA | 1.85 1980-2024 S 0 | 2.7 | NA # 484700.0 10.6 Parus major
FI
1736268.0
2084420.0
1944288.0
p
mean
noChange
 #
4.3
2013-2024 S -9 | 0 | -4 1980-2024 I 60 | 98 | 78 # 284200.0 0.7 2008-2024 S NA | NA | -7 1980-2024 I NA | NA | 12 # 321200.0 7.0 Parus major
FR
4853000.0
6063000.0
5421000.0
p
interval
method
12.1
2012-2023 S -2.5 | 4.9 | 1.1 2001-2023 S -2.7 | 6 | 1.6 571200.0 1.5 2009-2024 S NA | NA | 1 1985-2024 S NA | NA | 2 654900.0 14.4 Parus major
HR
615000.0
740000.0
p
estimate
knowledge
1.5
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 81100.0 0.2 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 117100.0 2.6 Parus major
HU
940000.0
970000.0
p
interval
method
2.1
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 I 107 | 154 | NA # 93030.0 0.2 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 111800.0 2.5 Parus major
IE
883540.0
1355830.0
1102770.0
p
interval
genuine
 #
2.5
2011-2022 S -16.2 | 22.8 | 1.5 1980-2023 Unk NA | NA | NA # 81500.0 0.2 1991-2011 I NA | NA | 10 1972-2011 I NA | NA | 6 # 106800.0 2.3 Parus major
IT
1630408.0
3260816.0
p
estimate
noChange
 #
5.4
2013-2024 D NA | NA | -12.4 2000-2024 U NA | NA | -3.5 266300.0 0.7 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1993-2024 U NA | NA | -20.5834 332200.0 7.3 Parus major
LT
350000.0
600000.0
p
estimate
noChange
1.1
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 73500.0 0.2 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 82900.0 1.8 Parus major
LU
40000.0
50000.0
p
estimate
noChange
0.1
2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 2505.0 0.01 2013-2024 S NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA 4300.0 0.09 Parus major
LV
825564.0
997724.0
907571.0
p
interval
genuine
2.0
2012-2024 S -21.97 | 1.2 | -11.03 2005-2024 S -6 | 41 | 15.42 72300.0 0.2 2002-2015 I 0.4 | 0.47 | 0.43 1982-2015 S 0 | 0 | 0 # 78000.0 1.7 Parus major
NL
530000.0
580000.0
560000.0
p
mean
genuine
1.2
2012-2023 I 20 | 25 | 22 1984-2023 I 27.236 | 48.6507 | 37.5376 45600.0 0.1 2011-2023 S NA | NA | 0.0410959 1977-2023 S NA | NA | 0.0133333 55500.0 1.2 Parus major
PL
4210000.0
4560000.0
4380000.0
p
interval
method
 #
9.7
2013-2024 D -14 | -5 | -9 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA # 265100.0 # 0.7 2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 S NA | NA | -7 # 278400.0 6.1 Parus major
PT
60620.0
144300.0
p
estimate
noChange
0.2
2015-2024 S NA | NA | NA 2004-2024 D NA | NA | NA 96200.0 0.2 2013-2021 S NA | NA | NA 1999-2021 S NA | NA | 2 108800.0 2.4 Parus major
SE
1710000.0
3980000.0
2800000.0
p
estimate
knowledge
6.2
2013-2024 S NA | NA | 0 1980-2024 I 30 | 70 | 50 477400.0 # 1.2 2013-2024 S NA | NA | 0 1980-2024 S NA | NA | 0 561500.0 12.3 Parus major
SI
491700.0
688300.0
p
estimate
genuine
1.3
2008-2024 S NA | NA | -2 1980-2024 S NA | NA | NA # 20000.0 # 0.05 2013-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 1980-2024 Unk NA | NA | NA 27600.0 0.6 Parus major
SK
1500000.0
3000000.0
p
estimate
noChange
5.0
2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 2000-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 49020.56 0.1 2013-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 2000-2024 S 0 | 0 | NA 70300.0 1.5 Parus major